1.1 本试验方法包括通过偏振显微镜使用零或延迟补偿程序测定透明玻璃基质中的残余应力。 1.2 这种残余应力测定在评估玻璃基质中由于帘线而存在的残余应力的性质和程度、或配合程度、或玻璃基质和釉质的特定组合的适用性、或应用的彩色标签(ACL)中是重要的。 1.3 光学测定和评估牙釉质或ACL残余应力系统的延迟补偿方法由于其简单性、可再现性和精确度而提供了优于需要物理性质测量或器皿性能测试的方法的明显优势。 1.4 限制- 该测试方法基于应力-光学延迟补偿原理，因此仅适用于透明玻璃基板，不适用于不透明玻璃系统。1.5 由于不同组成的玻璃之间的离子交换可能产生额外的残余应力，由于缺乏对感兴趣区域中化学组成的准确了解，可能会在感兴趣点中的应力光学系数的值中引入一些不确定性。 1.6 该测试方法定量地适用于并且仅适用于这些应用，其中这种显著的离子交换不是一个因素，并且应力光学系数是已知的或可确定的。 1.7 离子交换过程的程度以及因此由于离子交换而产生的残余应力的大小将取决于交换过程参数。对发生离子交换的系统进行的残余应力测定应考虑到这些依赖性进行解释。1.8 以SI单位表示的值应被视为标准。括号中给出的值仅供参考。 1.9 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全性问题（如果有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前建立适当的安全、健康和环境实践并确定法规限制的适用性。 1.10 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ======意义和用途====== 5.1 玻璃器皿的质量和性能不仅会受到由于在器皿中高于应变点的热处理而产生的残余应力的影响，还会受到附加残余应力的影响由玻璃基材与帘线、烧制搪瓷或ACL装饰之间的热膨胀差异引起的al应力。 5.2 可以通过性能测试程序来评估那些额外的残余脐带、牙釉质或ACL应力的影响以及此类项目的最终性能。这种釉质或ACL应力的评估也可以通过确定装饰和基质玻璃的适当物理性质或通过分析方法来完成。 5.3 该测试方法提供了一种直接和方便的方法来确定玻璃基板中残余应力系统的大小和空间分布。该试验方法简单、方便、定量准确。 5.4 该测试方法可用于评估施加到玻璃基材上的搪瓷或ACL的热膨胀系数之间的相容程度。

1.1 This test method covers the determination of residual stresses in a transparent glass matrix by means of a polarizing microscope using null or retardation compensation procedures. 1.2 Such residual stress determinations are of importance in evaluating the nature and degree of residual stresses present in glass matrixes due to cord, or the degree of fit, or suitability of a particular combination of glass matrix and enamel, or applied color label (ACL). 1.3 The retardation compensation method of optically determining and evaluating enamel or ACL residual stress systems offers distinct advantages over methods requiring physical property measurements or ware performance tests due to its simplicity, reproducibility, and precision. 1.4 Limitations— This test method is based on the stress-optical retardation compensation principle, and is therefore applicable only to transparent glass substrates, and not to opaque glass systems. 1.5 Due to the possibility of additional residual stresses produced by ion exchange between glasses of different compositions, some uncertainty may be introduced in the value of the stress optical coefficient in the point of interest due to a lack of accurate knowledge of chemical composition in the areas of interest. 1.6 This test method is quantitatively applicable to and valid only for those applications where such significant ion exchange is not a factor, and stress optical coefficients are known or determinable. 1.7 The extent of the ion exchange process, and hence the magnitudes of the residual stresses produced due to ion exchange will depend on the exchange process parameters. The residual stress determinations made on systems in which ion exchange has occurred should be interpreted with those dependencies in mind. 1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 The quality and performance of an article of glassware may be affected not only by the presence of residual stresses due to heat treatment above the strain point in the ware, but also by additional residual stresses caused by differences in thermal expansion between the glass substrate, and either cord, fired-on vitreous enamel, or ACL decoration. 5.2 The effects of those additional residual cord, enamel, or ACL stresses and the resulting performance of such items may be evaluated by performance test procedures. Such evaluations of enamel or ACL stresses may also be accomplished through the determination of appropriate physical properties of the decoration and matrix glass, or by analytical methods. 5.3 This test method offers a direct and convenient means of determining the magnitudes and spatial distributions of residual stress systems in glass substrates. The test method is simple, convenient, and quantitatively accurate. 5.4 This test method is useful in evaluating the degree of compatibility between the coefficient of thermal expansion of an enamel or ACL applied to a glass substrate.