1.1 残余应力测定: 1.1.1 本试验方法规定了测定各向同性线弹性材料表面附近面内残余应力的钻孔程序。它适用于残余应力测定，其中应力在钻孔直径上没有显著变化。测量的应力是存在于钻孔深度内的面内残余应力。应力敏感性随着距离被测表面的深度而迅速降低，并且无法评估深层内应力。如果测量的残余应力在孔深度内保持近似恒定，则将其描述为“均匀”，或者如果它们显著变化，则将其描述为“非均匀”。 1.1.2 使用“盲”孔，其中钻孔的深度以及残余应力评估的深度小于样品厚度。1.2 应力测量范围: 1.2.1 近表面残余应力主要影响释放应变。内应力的影响随着距表面深度的增加而迅速减小。因此，钻孔测量主要对近表面应力敏感；深部内应力无法可靠地识别。 1.2.2 本试验方法适用于材料行为为线弹性的情况。当存在接近屈服的残余应力时，由于钻孔周围的应力集中，有可能发生局部屈服。当残余应力不超过材料屈服应力的80%左右时，可以获得满意的测量结果（ 1 ). 2 1.3 样本损坏: 1.3.1 与大多数其他测量残余应力的力学方法相比，孔-钻孔方法对试样的损伤相对较小，通常被描述为“半破坏性”。然而，由于钻孔确实会造成一些损坏，这种测试方法只能应用于试样是可消耗的，或者引入小浅孔不会显著影响试样的有用性的情况。 1.4 以SI单位或英寸-磅单位表示的值应单独视为标准值。每个系统中陈述的值不一定完全等同；因此，为确保符合标准，每个系统应独立使用，两个系统的值不得合并使用。 1.5 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全性问题（如果有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前建立适当的安全、健康和环境实践并确定法规限制的适用性。 1.6 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ======意义和用途====== 5.1 摘要: 5.1.1 残余应力几乎存在于所有材料中。它们可以在材料的制造或寿命期间产生。残余应力可能是材料失效的重要因素，特别是经受交替使用载荷或腐蚀环境的材料。残余应力也可能是有益的，例如通过喷丸产生的压缩应力。钻孔应变仪技术是测定残余应力的一种实用的通用方法。

1.1 Residual Stress Determination: 1.1.1 This test method specifies a hole-drilling procedure for determining in-plane residual stresses near the surface of an isotropic linearly elastic material. It applies to residual stress determinations where the stresses do not vary significantly across the diameter of the drilled hole. The measured stresses are the in-plane residual stresses that are present within the depth of the drilled hole. Stress sensitivity rapidly decreases with depth from the measured surface, and deep interior stresses cannot be evaluated. The measured residual stresses are described as “uniform” if they remain approximately constant within the hole depth, or “non-uniform” if they vary significantly. 1.1.2 “Blind” holes are used, where the depth of the drilled hole and therefore the depth of the residual stress evaluation is less than the specimen thickness. 1.2 Stress Measurement Range: 1.2.1 The near-surface residual stresses primarily influence the relieved strains. The influences of the interior stresses diminish rapidly with their depth from the surface. Thus, hole-drilling measurements are mainly sensitive to near-surface stresses; deep interior stresses cannot be identified reliably. 1.2.2 This test method applies in cases where material behavior is linear-elastic. When near-yield residual stresses are present, it is possible for local yielding to occur due to the stress concentration around the drilled hole. Satisfactory measurement results can be achieved when the residual stresses do not exceed about 80 % of the material yield stress ( 1 ). 2 1.3 Specimen Damage: 1.3.1 Compared with most other mechanical methods for measuring residual stresses, the hole-drilling method does relatively modest damage to the specimen, and is often described as “semi-destructive.” However, since hole drilling does cause some damage, this test method should be applied only in those cases either where the specimen is expendable, or where the introduction of a small shallow hole will not significantly affect the usefulness of the specimen. 1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 Summary: 5.1.1 Residual stresses are present in almost all materials. They can be created during the manufacture or life of the material. Residual stresses can be a significant factor in the failure of a material, particularly one subjected to alternating service loads or corrosive environments. Residual stress can also be beneficial, for example, the compressive stresses produced by shot peening. The hole-drilling strain-gage technique is a practical general-purpose method for determining residual stresses.