地源热泵是一种热发电系统，它将储存在地球表面的热量用于空间和水加热系统。热泵可与散热器或地板下供暖系统结合使用，并可提供生活热水。热量通过液体（通常是水和防冻剂的混合物）在埋入地下的管道回路周围循环，从地面传递到供暖系统。地源热泵提供了许多好处，包括降低碳排放、减少燃料费用、经济高效的非燃气网替代石油、固体燃料或电散热器。由可再生能源驱动的热泵是完全可再生的，是可再生能源的良好来源。 在过去十年中，英国对这项技术的兴趣与日俱增。本技术备忘录的目的是为从业人员提供信息，使地源热泵能够正确应用，并实现其环境和经济潜力。具体而言，它旨在提供:对技术及其应用的了解、关于系统可用性和可比性的信息、关于地源热泵如何符合建筑法规、SBEM和环境署法规、设计、集成和采购流程的理解、维护信息、，通过案例研究对实际绩效进行培训和资源信息。内容1简介1.1本出版物的目的1。 2地源热泵如何节约能源和碳1.3目标和范围2地面作为能源2.1简介2.2地热能2.3地面耦合加热和冷却系统2.4系统分类2.5热性能2.6英国的地面温度2.7闭环系统的地质方面2.8开环系统的地质问题2.9地面作为热能的使用能源存储2.10监管问题3地埋管换热器系统3.1简介3.2闭环系统3.3开环系统4地源热泵机组:技术和设计4.1简介4.2蒸汽压缩循环4.3性能系数4.4温升最小化4.5标准额定条件4。 6循环增强4.7可逆加热和冷却系统4.8吸收循环4.9电源和调节4.10 hfc制冷剂4.11非hfc制冷剂412热交换器4.13压缩机4.14膨胀装置4.15制冷剂泄漏5应用和设计5.1简介5.2热泵系统集成和设计5.3控制5.4存在加热和冷却负载的应用5.5仅加热系统5.6仅冷却系统5.7家用热水5.8其他加热和冷却负荷5.9地源热泵系统的热平衡5.10地下蓄热储能6性能和成本比较6.1简介6.2地源热泵的性能和潜在节能6.3性能测量6。 4运行成本和节省6.5资本成本6.6维护6.7安装可行性6.8选择GSHP的其他原因7采购和设计7.1简介7.2与整体项目采购保持一致7.3需要解决的常见问题7.4采购包装7.5设计过程和参数8 GSHP监管和规划8.1简介8.2建筑法规8.3规划8.4 F-Gas条例8.5监管问题8.6可再生能源热激励（RHI）9安装、调试和维护9.1安装9.2测试和调试9.3维护10结论参考文献和参考书目附录A1:术语表和缩写附录A2:热响应测试和水文地质问题A2。 1热响应测试A2.2开环系统的水文地质问题附录A3:案例研究A3.1案例研究1:家用地源热泵A3.2案例研究2:Klina医院（比利时安特卫普）A3.3案例研究3:一个新变化A3.4案例研究4:B&Q New Malden

Ground source heat pumps are heat generating systems that take heat stored in the surface of the earth for use in space and water heating systems. Heat pumps can be used in combination with radiators or underfloor heating systems and can provide domestic hot water. The heat is transferred from the ground to the heating system by circulating a fluid, usually a mixture of water and antifreeze, around a loop of pipe buried in the ground.Ground source heat pumps offer a number of benefits, including lower carbon emissions, reduced fuel bills, a cost-effective off-gas grid alternative to oil, solid fuel or electric radiators. Heat pumps powered by a renewable energy source are completely renewable, and are a good source of renewable heat. Interest in this technology has grown in the UK over the past decade.The purpose of this Technical Memorandum is to provide information for practitioners to enable ground source heat pumps to be properly applied, and their environmental and economic potential to be realised. Specifically it aims to provide:understanding of the technology and its applicationinformation on the availability and comparability of systemsclarity on how gshps comply with building regulations, SBEM and Environment Agency regulationsunderstanding of the design, integration and procurement processinformation on maintenance, training and resourcesinformation on real performance with case studies.Contents1 Introduction1.1 Purpose of this publication1.2 How ground source heat pumps save energy and carbon1.3 Objectives and scope2 The ground as an energy source2.1 Introduction2.2 Geothermal energy2.3 Ground coupled heating and cooling systems2.4 System categorisation2.5 Thermal behaviour2.6 Ground temperatures in the UK2.7 Geological aspects of closed loop systems2.8 Geological aspects of open loop systems2.9 Use of the ground as a thermal energy store2.10 Regulatory issues3 Ground heat exchanger systems3.1 Introduction3.2 Closed loop systems3.3 Open loop systems4 Ground source heat pump units: technology and design4.1 Introduction4.2 The vapour compression cycle4.3 Coefficient of performance4.4 Minimisation of temperature lift4.5 Standard rating conditions4.6 Cycle enhancements4.7 Reversible heating and cooling systems4.8 Absorption cycle4.9 Power supply and modulation4.10 hfc refrigerants4.11 Non-hfc refrigerants4.12 Heat exchangers4.13 Compressors4.14 Expansion devices4.15 Refrigerant leakage5 Application and design5.1 Introduction5.2 Heat pump systems integration and design5.3 Controls5.4 Applications where heating and cooling loads exist5.5 Heating only systems5.6 Cooling only systems5.7 Domestic hot water5.8 Other heating and cooling loads5.9 Thermal balance in gshp systems5.10 Underground thermal storage energy storage (utes)6 Performance and cost comparison6.1 Introduction6.2 Performance of gshp and potential savings6.3 Performance measurement6.4 Running cost and savings6.5 Capital cost6.6 Maintenance6.7 Viability of installations6.8 Other reasons for choosing gshp7 Procurement and design7.1 Introduction7.2 Alignment with overall project procurement7.3 Common issues to be addressed7.4 Packaging for procurement7.5 Design process and parameters8 GSHP regulation and planning8.1 Introduction8.2 Building Regulations8.3 Planning8.4 F-Gas Regulations8.5 Regulatory issues8.6 The Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI)9 Installation, commissioning and maintenance9.1 Installation9.2 Testing and commissioning9.3 Maintenance10 ConclusionsReferences and bibliographyAppendix A1: Glossary of terms and abbreviationsAppendix A2: Thermal response testing and hydrogeological issuesA2.1 Thermal response testingA2.2 Hydrogeological issues for open loop systemsAppendix A3: Case studiesA3.1 Case study 1: Domestic ground source heat pumpA3.2 Case study 2: Klina Hospital (Antwerp, Belgium)A3.3 Case study 3: One New ChangeA3.4 Case study 4: B&Q New Malden