1.1 本指南旨在培训那些通常在仅受地形和天气相关风险影响的自然环境中工作的人员，他们可能会被要求对 1.2 . 1.2 本指南确定并描述了危险情况和环境，以及影响搜救人员的相关风险，搜救人员可能在以下地点或附近工作: 1.2.1 土地搜索； 1.2.2 陆地救援； 1.2.3 结构坍塌； 1.2.4 绳索救援； 1.2.5 密闭空间； 1.2.6 水，既静止又流动；和 1.2.7 沟槽或开挖坍塌。 1.3 本指南中传达的知识旨在使搜救人员能够识别可能需要他们未经培训的技能或能力的情况。这种理解将使他们能够寻找知识更丰富的人员来减轻危险，并执行此类救援或完成任务所需的其他活动。 1.4 本指南并不意味着所有搜救人员都必须接受其中规定的培训。但是，只要有管辖权的机构（AHJ）认为这种培训是适当的，本文件就可以用作指南。 1.5 AHJ应确定何种程度的培训构成搜救人员进入区域或执行任务的足够能力，包括本指南中描述的危险。 1.6 本指南确定了SAR的一些已知学科及其相关危害。然而，它并没有试图列出人员必须意识到的所有危险或风险，以便在中列出的任何区域及其周围安全有效地操作 1.1 . 1.7 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.8 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 本指南规定了为在中所列区域及其周围作业的人员提供意识水平知识所需的最低培训水平 1.1 . 4.2 本指南可供个人和AHJ使用，他们希望确定在这些地区和行动及其周围作业的陆上人员的最低培训标准。 4.3 接受过本指南培训的人员应了解与这些区域和操作相关的危险和风险。 4.4 仅接受本指南培训的人员不被视为“搜索者”、“救援者”或两者兼而有之。 4.5 本指南可用于加强搜索者和/或救援者的其他培训。 4.6 本指南本身不是培训文件。它只是培训或评估搜索者和/或救援者所需的一些主题的概述，尽管它可以用于制定培训文件或计划。 4.7 AHJ有责任确定满足其培训要求所需的培训深度或细节。 4.8 本指南中的任何内容都不排除AHJ添加额外要求。 4.9 本指南并不独立，但必须与参考文件一起使用，以提供在这些地区作业的地面搜索者和/或救援人员所需的最低限度的具体培训。 4.10 本指南可作为培训搜索人员、救援人员或两者的参考。 4.11 以下各节中提供的信息没有任何特定的顺序，也不代表训练序列。 4.12 AHJ有责任确定评估人员知识的评估过程。这可以通过笔试、口试、演示或AHJ规定的其他方式进行。

1.1 This guide is intended for training those who normally work in natural environments solely subject to terrain and weather-related risks who may be asked to respond to, or who may encounter, the operations defined in 1.2 . 1.2 This guide identifies and describes hazardous situations and environments, and the associated risks affecting search and rescue personnel who may be working on or around the following: 1.2.1 Land search; 1.2.2 Land rescue; 1.2.3 Structural collapse; 1.2.4 Rope rescues; 1.2.5 Confined spaces; 1.2.6 Water, both still and moving; and 1.2.7 Trench or excavation collapse. 1.3 The knowledge conveyed in this guide is intended to enable search and rescue (SAR) personnel to recognize situations that may require skills or capabilities they have not been trained to perform. This understanding will allow them to seek more knowledgeable personnel to mitigate the hazard and perform such rescues or other activities required to complete their mission. 1.4 This guide is not intended to suggest that all search and rescue personnel must have the training identified within it. However, wherever the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) deems this training to be appropriate, this document can be used as a guide. 1.5 The AHJ shall determine what level of training constitutes sufficient competence for search and rescue personnel to enter areas or carry out missions, which include the hazards described in this guide. 1.6 This guide identifies some of the known disciplines of SAR and their associated hazards. It does not, however, attempt to list all hazards or risks of which a person must be aware to operate safely and effectively in and around any of the areas listed in 1.1 . 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 This guide establishes the minimum level of training required to provide awareness-level knowledge for personnel operating in and around the areas and operations listed in 1.1 . 4.2 This guide may be used by individuals and AHJs that wish to identify the minimum training standards for land-based personnel operating in and around these areas and operations. 4.3 A person trained to this guide is considered to be aware of the hazards and risks associated with these areas and operations. 4.4 A person trained solely to this guide is not considered a “searcher,” “rescuer,” or both. 4.5 This guide may be used to augment other training for a searcher and/or rescuer. 4.6 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is only an outline of some of the topics required for training or evaluating a searcher and/or rescuer, although it can be used to develop a training document or program. 4.7 It is the responsibility of the AHJ to determine the depth or detail of training needed to meet its training requirements. 4.8 Nothing in this guide precludes an AHJ from adding additional requirements. 4.9 This guide does not stand alone but must be used with the referenced documents to provide the specific minimum training needed by a ground searcher and/or rescuer operating in these areas. 4.10 This guide can be used as a reference for training of searchers, rescuers, or both. 4.11 The information presented in the following sections is not in any particular order and does not represent a training sequence. 4.12 It is the responsibility of the AHJ to determine the evaluation process to assess a person’s knowledge. This may be by written exam, oral exam, demonstration, or some other means specified by the AHJ.