热储能被广泛认为是一种需求侧管理技术，用于将冷却电力需求从白天高峰时段转移到夜间和周末非高峰时段（公用事业公司有备用发电容量）。它使用户能够通过减少高峰需求和利用较低的非高峰费率来显著降低电力成本，通常需要支付大量的公用事业激励费用，有时还需要降低资本成本。此外，它还使公用事业公司能够降低峰值，填补低谷，从而提高系统负荷系数，减少对调峰机组的依赖，提高基本负荷机组的利用率，并推迟额外发电机组的建设。由于热能储存被强烈归类为一种需求转移技术，其节能潜力几乎没有得到认可。 当然，有许多现有的热能储存系统比传统的冷却系统耗电更多，只对不断变化的需求有利。然而，最近的进步已经产生了比传统的冷却/加热系统更高效、更好的综合热能存储系统，使用更少的电力和天然气。因此，为了让感兴趣的工程师了解该技术在节能方面的潜力，本文研究了热分层冷冻水存储系统的设计和运行，该系统在工业改造应用中取得了这样的成果。关键词:节能、储能、温度分层、冷冻水供应、工业、现代化、性能、热增益、热回收、能耗、成本。引用:研讨会，ASHRAE Trans。1994年，第100卷，第一部分

Thermal energy storage is widely recognised as a demand-side management technology for shifting cooling electrical demand from peak daytime periods to off-peak nighttime and weekend periods when utilities have reserve generating capacity. It enables users to significantly reduce their electricity costs by reducing peak demand and taking advantage of lower off-peak rates - often with large utility incentive payments and sometimes with reduced capital costs. Also, it enables utilities to reduce peaks and fill valleys, thereby improving system load factors, reducing reliance on peaking units, increasing utilisation of base load units, and postponing the construction of additional generating units. Because thermal energy storage has been so strongly categorised as a demand-shifting technology, its potential for energy conservation has received little recognition. Certainly, there are many existing thermal energy storage systems that use more electricity than conventional cooling systems and are beneficial only for shifting demand. However, recent advances have produced more efficient and better integrated thermal energy storage systems that use less electricity and natural gas than conventional cooling/heating systems. So, in order to apprise interested engineers of the technology's potential for energy conservation, this paper studies the design and operation of a thermally stratified chilled-water storage system in an industrial retrofit application that has achieved such results.KEYWORDS: energy conservation, energy storage, temperature stratification, chilled water supply, industrial, modernising, performance, heat gain, heat recovery, energy consumption, costs.