1.1 本指南旨在阐明选择、使用、，以及根据美国运输部第49篇《联邦法规》（49 CFR）和联合国危险货物运输建议（UN）的要求，用于替换包装设计中液体危险品的非危险液体替代品的描述标准。这包括识别替代物的物理参数- 可能影响包装性能和测试结果的危险液体测试填充材料，在选择和描述符合危险品法规（HMR）要求的测试填充材料时应予以考虑。 1.2 本指南提供的信息有助于包装用户、制造商和性能测试服务供应商了解在根据美国运输部在49 CFR HMR中采用的联合国包装协议选择替代液体填充物质进行包装测试、认证和制造时应考虑的物理性质类型。 1.3 本指南提供了有关填充物物理特性的建议最低信息，这些信息应记录在认证测试报告中，并通知用户，以允许测试重复性和分析。应注意试验中使用的物质与运输的材料在物理特性上的差异。 1.4 本指南无意解决有关填充物质与运输包装相容性的监管要求。 相容性要求必须单独评估，但应注意，根据某些国家和国际危险品法规，可根据化学相容性要求规定包装性能测试填充物质的选择。 注1: 根据美国HMR，按照49 CFR§173的规定，确定包装与特定危险填充材料的兼容性是“提供危险材料进行运输的人员的责任”。 24（e）。 1.5 测量单位与HMR一致。 1.6 当测试用于危险品（危险品）的包装设计时，本指南的用户应根据49 CFR§172.700和其他适用的危险品法规进行培训，如ICAO技术说明、IMDG规范、其他适用的国家或国际危险品法规，制造和使用经授权用于运输危险品的包装，以及承运人规则，如IATA危险品条例。 1.7 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.8 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 规定危险品包装试验程序的法规允许在49 CFR 178.602（c）中概述的某些限制条件下，用非危险填充材料替代包装性能试验。经证明，在一般行业实践中，该监管指南足够灵活，可以在包装性能测试的填充材料选择方面产生变化，这可能会导致不一致和不可重复的测试结果。这种变化有可能在产品责任、包装选择和这一高度监管行业的监管执行方面产生重大问题。 使用本指南应提高测试程序的一致性。 5.2 一致且可重复的测试结果加上清晰的测试填充产品描述，将通过简化包装选择来提高运输安全性。这也将提高总体的信心水平，即封装测试、制造和使用是由可靠的、普遍接受的工程原理指导的。这也有助于澄清包装行业和监管机构之间的期望。 5.3 该指南将用于包装制造商和包装测试实验室，以创建在尽可能广泛的情况下满足客户需求并符合HMR的包装测试计划。 此外，对于包装用户而言，测试报告和/或通知说明中必须提供有关用于测试包装的材料的类型和物理特性的某些信息，以使他们能够评估是否使用适用于待装运危险品的替代材料测试了特定包装。 5.4 有关联合国认证测试的更多信息，请参阅指南 D4919 . 有关确定适当填充材料以制备样品以进行联合国固体认证试验的指南，请参阅参考指南 D8135 . 塑料包装设计的调节参考指南 D7790 .

1.1 This guide is intended to clarify the selection, use, and description criteria of non-hazardous liquid substitutes used to replace liquid hazardous materials on packagings designs being subjected to United Nations (UN) performance-oriented packaging certification as required by United States Department of Transportation Title 49 Code of Federal Regulations (49 CFR) and the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods (UN). This includes identification of the physical parameters of substitute non-hazardous liquid test fill materials that may affect packaging performance and test results and should be considered when selecting and describing a test fill material that conforms to the requirements of the Hazardous Materials Regulations (HMR). 1.2 This guide provides information to assist packaging users, manufacturers, and performance testing service suppliers regarding the types of physical properties that should be considered when selecting substitute liquid filling substances for the testing, certification, and manufacture of packagings under the United Nations packaging protocols as adopted by US DOT in 49 CFR HMR. 1.3 This guide provides the suggested minimum information concerning the physical characteristics of the filling substances that should be documented in the certification test report and notification to users to allow for test repeatability and analysis. Attention should be paid to the differences in physical characteristics of the substance used in the test compared to the materials transported. 1.4 This guide does not purport to address regulatory requirements regarding the compatibility of filling substances with transport packagings. Compatibility requirements must be assessed separately, but it should be noted that under certain national and international dangerous goods regulations, the selection of the filling substances for package performance testing may be prescribed with respect to chemical compatibility requirements. Note 1: Under the US HMR determination of packaging compatibility with a particular hazardous fill material is “the responsibility of the person offering the hazardous material for transportation” as prescribed in 49 CFR § 173.24(e). 1.5 The units of measurement are consistent with the HMR. 1.6 When testing packaging designs intended for hazardous materials (dangerous goods), the user of this guide shall be trained in accordance with 49 CFR §172.700 and other applicable hazardous materials regulations such as the ICAO Technical Instructions, IMDG Code, other applicable national or international dangerous goods regulations that govern the testing, manufacture and use of packagings authorized for the transportation of Dangerous Goods, and carrier rules such as the IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 Regulations prescribing the test procedures for hazardous materials packaging allow for the substitution of non-hazardous fill materials for packaging performance tests with certain limitations as outlined in 49 CFR 178.602(c). This regulatory guidance has proven to be flexible enough, in common industry practice, to produce variations in the selection of fill materials for package performance tests that may cause inconsistent and non-repeatable test results. This variation has the potential to create significant problems in product liability, packaging selection, and regulatory enforcement in this highly regulated industry. Use of this guide should enhance uniformity in test procedures. 5.2 Consistent and repeatable test results coupled with clear test fill product descriptions will enhance transportation safety by simplifying packaging selection. This will also increase the general level of confidence that package testing, manufacture and use are being guided by sound, generally accepted engineering principles. It also aids in clarifying expectations between the packaging industry and the regulatory authorities. 5.3 The guide will be used by packaging manufacturers, and packaging test labs to create packaging test plans that meet customer needs and conform to the HMR under the widest possible situational circumstances. In addition, for the user of a packaging, certain information about the type and physical characteristics of the material used to test the packaging must be available in the test report and/or notification instruction to allow them to evaluate whether a particular packaging was tested with a substitute material appropriate for the hazardous material to be shipped. 5.4 For more information on the UN certification tests, refer to Guide D4919 . For guidance on determining the appropriate fill materials for preparing samples for UN certification testing with solids reference Guide D8135 . For conditioning of plastic packaging designs reference Guide D7790 .