1.1 本试验方法已与ISO 9059相协调，并在技术上等同于ISO 9059。 1.2 此测试方法包括两种类型的校准。一种是使用绝对腔日射计作为主要标准日射计对二次参考日射计进行校准，另一种是将校准从二次参考转移到一个或多个场日射计。本试验方法规定了校准程序和校准层次结构，或可追溯性，用于校准的转移。 注1: 参考和现场日光计采用相同的制造商和型号并不罕见，而且确实是可取的。 1.3 该测试方法主要与场角为5°至6°的参考日射表的校准有关，使用self作为主要参考仪器- 校准场角约为5°的绝对腔日射热计。视场角大于6.5°的日光计不得指定为参考日光计。 1.4 当使用该测试方法将校准转移到场角小于5°或大于6.5°的场日射热计时，有必要采用Angstrom和Rodhe定义的程序。 2. 1.5 该测试方法要求被选为主要标准日射热量计的绝对腔的光谱响应在0.3范围内是非选择性的 μm至10 μm波长。本试验方法所涵盖的参考和现场日光计在0.3范围内均应为非选择性 μm至4 μm波长。 1.6 一次和二次参考日晷仪不应为现场仪器，其暴露在阳光下的时间应限于校准或相互比较。 这些参考仪器应储存在配备有标准实验室温度和湿度控制的独立机柜或房间中。 注2: 在定期进行校准的实验室，建议维护一组两个或三个二次参考日射热计，这些二次参考日射热计包括在每次校准中。这些控制装置用于检测标准参考日射热量计中的任何不稳定性或不规则性。 1.7 本试验方法仅适用于使用自然阳光的校准程序。 1.8 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.9 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 尽管所使用的太阳跟踪器、瞬时读数的数量和所使用的数据采集设备因仪器和实验室而异，但该测试方法提供了所需的最低可接受条件、程序和技术。 4.2 而当使用自校准绝对腔日射计校准日射计时，将获得最大的精度，该自校准绝对腔体日射计已通过相互比较证明在±0以内。 5. % 对于一系列类似绝对仪器的平均辐照度，当将校准从二次参考转移到场日射热计时，可以通过仔细注意该测试方法的要求来实现可接受的精度。 4.3 通过满足本测试方法的要求，可以通过以下一种或多种公认的相互比较来实现世界辐射参考（WRR）校准的可追溯性: 4.3.1 国际日射强度比较（IPC）VII，瑞士达沃斯，1990年举行，此后每五年举行一次，以及作为WMO主要参考仪器的PMO-2绝对腔日射强度计。 6. 4.3.2 世界气象组织批准的在世界气象组织第四区域（北美和中美洲）举行的自校准绝对腔日射热计的任何相互比较。 4.3.3 在美国举行的任何经批准或未经批准的相互比较，其目的是将WRR从美国国家海洋和大气管理局位于科罗拉多州博尔德的太阳辐射设施作为美国主要参考标准的主要参考绝对腔日射计中转移。 7. 4.3.4 具有可比参考质量的任何未来相互比较，其中至少有一个自校准绝对腔日射计参与IPC VII或后续IPC，并且该日射计被视为相互比较的参考仪器。 4.3.5 参与上述相互比较且在±0.5范围内的任何绝对辐射计 % 在任何这些相互比较中比较的所有类似工具的平均值。 4.4 所采用的校准传递方法假设获得的值的精度与一年中的时间无关，并且在所施加的限制范围内，与测量的时间无关。关于一年中的时间，对正入射的要求决定了与水平面的夹角，该夹角取决于太阳的天顶角，因此也取决于一年中该时间和一天中该时间的空气质量限制。

1.1 This test method has been harmonized with, and is technically equivalent to, ISO 9059. 1.2 Two types of calibrations are covered by this test method. One is the calibration of a secondary reference pyrheliometer using an absolute cavity pyrheliometer as the primary standard pyrheliometer, and the other is the transfer of calibration from a secondary reference to one or more field pyrheliometers. This test method prescribes the calibration procedures and the calibration hierarchy, or traceability, for transfer of the calibrations. Note 1: It is not uncommon, and is indeed desirable, for both the reference and field pyrheliometers to be of the same manufacturer and model designation. 1.3 This test method is relevant primarily for the calibration of reference pyrheliometers with field angles of 5° to 6°, using as the primary reference instrument a self-calibrating absolute cavity pyrheliometer having field angles of about 5°. Pyrheliometers with field angles greater than 6.5° shall not be designated as reference pyrheliometers. 1.4 When this test method is used to transfer calibration to field pyrheliometers having field angles both less than 5° or greater than 6.5°, it will be necessary to employ the procedure defined by Angstrom and Rodhe. 2 1.5 This test method requires that the spectral response of the absolute cavity chosen as the primary standard pyrheliometer be nonselective over the range from 0.3 μm to 10 μm wavelength. Both reference and field pyrheliometers covered by this test method shall be nonselective over a range from 0.3 μm to 4 μm wavelength. 1.6 The primary and secondary reference pyrheliometers shall not be field instruments and their exposure to sunlight shall be limited to calibration or intercomparisons. These reference instruments shall be stored in an isolated cabinet or room equipped with standard laboratory temperature and humidity control. Note 2: At a laboratory where calibrations are performed regularly, it is advisable to maintain a group of two or three secondary reference pyrheliometers that are included in every calibration. These serve as controls to detect any instability or irregularity in the standard reference pyrheliometer. 1.7 This test method is applicable to calibration procedures using natural sunshine only. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 Though the sun trackers employed, the number of instantaneous readings, and the data acquisition equipment used will vary from instrument to instrument and from laboratory to laboratory, this test method provides for the minimum acceptable conditions, procedures, and techniques required. 4.2 While the greatest accuracy will be obtained when calibrating pyrheliometers with a self-calibrating absolute cavity pyrheliometer that has been demonstrated by intercomparison to be within ±0.5 % of the mean irradiance of a family of similar absolute instruments, acceptable accuracy can be achieved by careful attention to the requirements of this test method when transferring calibration from a secondary reference to a field pyrheliometer. 4.3 By meeting the requirements of this test method, traceability of calibration to the World Radiometric Reference (WRR) can be achieved through one or more of the following recognized intercomparisons: 4.3.1 International Pyrheliometric Comparison (IPC) VII, Davos, Switzerland, held in 1990, and every five years thereafter, and the PMO-2 absolute cavity pyrheliometer that is the primary reference instrument of WMO. 6 4.3.2 Any WMO-sanctioned intercomparison of self-calibrating absolute cavity pyrheliometers held in WMO Region IV (North and Central America). 4.3.3 Any sanctioned or non-sanctioned intercomparison held in the United States the purpose of which is to transfer the WRR from the primary reference absolute cavity pyrheliometer maintained as the primary reference standard of the United States by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Solar Radiation Facility in Boulder, CO. 7 4.3.4 Any future intercomparisons of comparable reference quality in which at least one self-calibrating absolute cavity pyrheliometer is present that participated in IPC VII or a subsequent IPC, and in which that pyrheliometer is treated as the intercomparison's reference instrument. 4.3.5 Any of the absolute radiometers participating in the above intercomparisons and being within ±0.5 % of the mean of all similar instruments compared in any of those intercomparisons. 4.4 The calibration transfer method employed assumes that the accuracy of the values obtained are independent of time of year and, within the constraints imposed, time of day of measurements. With respect to time of year, the requirement for normal incidence dictates a tile angle from the horizontal that is dependent on the sun's zenith angle and, thus, the air mass limits for that time of year and time of day.