许多城市和州，以及现在的联邦政府，已经通过或正在考虑立法，要求管道装置的用水效率标准。这些立法和法规举措为减少水需求和实施永久性节水措施创造了重要的激励措施。随着对低流量马桶、淋浴头和水龙头的相应需求的增长，需要对这些新设备的性能进行评估。虽然关于实际夹具安装的轶事报道绝大多数是正面的，但一些产品缺陷和性能问题需要进一步研究。 为了实现这些装置的节约潜力，公众和供水行业必须有一个基于高效和防篡改设计的一致产品，以及足够的行业规范。本文介绍了对实际装置的研究，以检验低流量固定装置的保护效益和可靠性。还讨论了现有美国国家标准协会夹具性能标准的缺点，以及建立一个新的独立代码设置实体的建议。

A number of cities and states, and now the federal government, have passed or are considering legislation to require water use efficiency standards for plumbing fixtures. These legislative and code initiatives have created important incentives to reduce water demand and implement permanent water conservation measures. As the corresponding demand for low-flow toilets, showerheads, and faucets grows, the performance of these new fixtures needs to be evaluated. While anecdotal reports about actual fixture installations are overwhelmingly positive, some product flaws and performance questions require further study. To realize the savings potential of these fixtures, the public and the water supply industry must have a consistent produce based of efficient and tamper-proof designs and adequate industry-established codes. This paper presents studies of actual installations to examine the conservation benefits and reliability of low-flow fixtures. The shortcomings of the existing American National Standards Institute fixture performance standards and a proposal for establishing a new independent code-setting entity are also discussed.