本国际标准定义了基于计算机的软件系统（CBSS）的面向用户的性能 可以被测量和评级。CBSS是一种数据处理系统，因为它被其用户看到，例如，被在不同位置的用户看到。 终端，或者数据处理中心的操作用户和业务用户所看到的。 CBSS包括硬件及其所需的所有软件（系统软件和应用软件） 实现用户所需的数据处理功能或可能影响CBSS时间行为的功能。 本国际标准适用于所有时间受限系统或系统部件的测试。也是一个网络 可以是系统的一部分或者可以是测试的主要对象。本国际标准中定义的方法为 不限于经典批处理或终端等特殊情况-主机系统，例如还包括客户机服务器系统 或者，对的定义有更广泛的理解？任务，实时系统。但是测试的实用性可能是 受限于测试大型环境所需的支出。 本国际标准规定了面向用户的性能术语的关键数字，并规定了一种方法 测量和评级这些性能值。指定的性能值是那些描述 用户订单（任务）的执行速度，即: -执行时间， -吞吐量， -及时性。 随后称为任务的用户命令可以具有简单或复杂的内部结构。任务可以是作业， 事务、流程或更复杂的结构，但根据 评价者。在评估性能时，可以使用该国际标准来测量时间 除了其他个人响应时间之外，还参考业务交易完成时间的行为。 根据用户要求或通过比较两个或多个测量系统（类型或 版本）。 有意不建议测量内部值，例如: -使用值， -平均指令率， -路径长度， -高速缓存命中率， -排队时间， -服务时间， 因为内部值的定义取决于 被测系统。与此相反，本国际标准中定义的面向用户的性能值 标准与体系结构无关。内部性能值的定义可以独立完成 从面向用户的性能值的定义来看。除了 面向用户的性能值。也是用户导向价值的效率术语的定义 可以自由地生产。此外，本国际标准还就如何在 数据处理系统稳定且可再现的运行状态。该可再现状态可用于 测量其他性能值，如上述内部值。 本国际标准重点关注: -应用软件； -系统软件； -交钥匙系统（即由应用软件、系统软件和 为其设计的硬件）；-通用数据处理系统。 本国际标准规定了仿真（由技术系统——所谓的 远程终端仿真器（RTE）-用户与数据处理系统的交互。这正是指导方针 测量和评定面向用户的性能值。它提供了估计这些值的指南 具有CBSS所需的准确性和可重复性，具有用户的确定性和随机性行为。它是 也是实施RTE或证明其是否符合本国际标准的指南。 本国际标准提供了测量和评价随机用户CBSS性能的指南 要求准确性和可重复性时的行为。它详细规定了如何准备和执行 测量程序。除了对测量值分析的描述外， 计算性能值和评级值。 本国际标准还提供了以下方面的指导: -如何使用以下方法设计面向用户的基准测试: *面向事务的工作负载， *面向批处理的工作负载， *或事务和批处理混合工作负载。 它规定: -如何描述这样的工作量， -如何执行测量程序， -如何对测量结果进行评级。 本国际标准适用于: -评估人员， -开发商， -购买者(包括数据处理系统的用户)， -系统集成商 CBSSs的。 注1本国际标准的适用范围可扩展至包括以下方面。 满足本标准规范并具有足够通用结构的工作负载可用作标准 工作量。它们可以用于测量和评价在特定领域中使用的数据处理系统的性能。例如a 字处理的标准工作量可用于比较不同软件产品的时间效率或 在同一硬件系统上运行的同一产品的不同版本。这样的标准工作负荷也可以是 如果始终应用相同的应用软件版本和相同的硬件，则用于比较 系统软件。将相同的应用软件和工作负载应用于不同的系统时，由硬件组成 和系统软件，如通常由系统供应商出售的，数据处理系统的效率可以是 与使用的应用程序和工作负载进行比较。

This International Standard defines how user oriented performance of computer-based software systems (CBSS) may be measured and rated. A CBSS is a data processing system as it is seen by its users, e.g. by users at various terminals, or as it is seen by operational users and business users at the data processing center. A CBSS includes hardware and all its software (system software and application software) which is needed to realize the data processing functions required by the users or what may influence to the CBSS's time behaviour. This International Standard is applicable for tests of all time constrained systems or system parts. Also a network may be part of a system or may be the main subject of a test. The method defined in this International Standard is not limited to special cases like classic batch or terminal-host systems, e.g. also included are client server systems or, with a broader comprehension of the definition of?task', real time systems. But the practicability of tests may be limited by the expenditure required to test large environments. This International Standard specifies the key figures of user oriented performance terms and specifies a method of measuring and rating these performance values. The specified performance values are those which describe the execution speed of user orders (tasks), namely the triple of: - execution time, - throughput, - timeliness. The user orders, subsequently called tasks, may be of simple or complex internal structure. A task may be a job, transaction, process or a more complex structure, but with a defined start and end depending on the needs of the evaluator. When evaluating the performance it is possible to use this International Standard for measuring the time behaviour with reference to business transaction completion times in addition to other individual response times. The rating is done with respect to users requirements or by comparing two or more measured systems (types or versions). Intentionally no proposals for measuring internal values, such as: - utilisation values, - mean instruction rates, - path lengths, - cache hit rates, - queuing times, - service times, are given, because the definition of internal values depends on the architecture of the hardware and the software of the system under test. Contrary to this the user oriented performance values which are defined in this International Standard are independent of architecture. The definition of internal performance values can be done independently from the definition of user oriented performance values. They may be used and can be measured in addition to the user oriented performance values. Also the definition of terms for the efficiency with which the user oriented values are produced can be done freely. In addition this International Standard gives guidance on how to establish at a data processing system a stable and reproducible state of operation. This reproducible state may be used to measure other performance values such as the above mentioned internal values. This International Standard focuses on: - application software; - system software; - turn-key systems (i.e. systems consisting of an application software, the system software and the hardware for which it was designed); - general data processing systems. This International Standard specifies the requirements for an emulation (by a technical system - the so-called remote terminal emulator (RTE) - of user interactions with a data processing system. It is the guideline for precisely measuring and rating the user oriented performance values. It provides the guideline for estimating these values with the required accuracy and repeatability of CBSSs with deterministic as well as random behaviour of users. It is also a guidance for implementing a RTE or proving whether it works according to this International Standard. This International Standard provides the guideline to measure and rate the performance of CBSS with random user behaviour when the accuracy and repeatability is required. It specifies in detail how to prepare and carry out the measurement procedure. Along with a description of the analysis of the measured values, the formulas for computing the performance value and the rating value, are provided. This International Standard also gives guidance on: - how to design a user oriented benchmark test using a: * transaction oriented workload, * batch oriented workload, * or transaction and batch mixed workload. It specifies: - how to describe such a workload, - how to perform the measurement procedure, - how to rate the measured results. This International Standard is of interest to: - evaluators, - developers, - buyers (including users of a data processing system), - system integrators of CBSSs. NOTE 1 The field of application of this International Standard may be extended to include the following aspects. Workloads fulfilling the specifications of this standard and having a sufficiently general structure may be used as standard workloads. They may be used to measure and rate performance of data processing systems used in specific fields. E.g. a standard workload for word-processing may be used to compare the time efficiency of different software products or different versions of the same product running on the same hardware system. Such a standard workload may also be used if always applying the same application software version and the same hardware to compare the efficiency of the system software. When applying the same application software and workload to different systems, consisting of hardware and system software, as normally sold by system vendors, the efficiency of the data processing systems may be compared with respect to the application and workload used.