序言这是CSA N288的第一版。核设施的环境管理:CSA N288系列标准的通用要求。本标准是N288系列核设施环境管理标准和指南的一部分。CSA N系列标准为核设施和活动的管理提供了一套相互关联的要求。本标准涵盖了CSA N288系列标准的共同要素，目的是最大限度地减少系列内的重复要求。CSA N288的整合。0将优化该系列的实现，并促进整个系列的最佳维护。CSA N286为管理层提供全面指导，以制定和实施健全的管理实践和控制措施，而CSA集团的其他核标准则提供支持管理体系的技术要求和指导。 本标准与CSA N286一致，不重复CSA N286的一般要求；然而，它可以为这些需求提供更具体的指导。本标准的使用者应注意，加拿大核设施的设计、制造、施工、调试、运行和退役应遵守《核安全与控制法》及其配套法规的规定。范围1。1概述本标准规定了核设施环境管理的一般要求。本标准与其他CSA N288标准配合使用。注:1）CSA N288标准可能在条款中引用本标准的使用，也可能包括采用部分或修改本标准的附件。2） 有关CSA N288系列标准的讨论，请参见第0条。1.2设施1。2.1本标准适用于CSA N288系列标准适用的所有核设施。 注:通常使用CSA N288系列标准的核设施包括1级核设施、铀矿和工厂。这些核设施的常规废物管理设施（如垃圾填埋场、焚烧炉和处理非放射性材料的污水处理厂）通常也包括在CSA N288标准的范围内。1.2.2本标准也适用于a）II类核设施；b） 使用或储存天然放射性物质的设施；c） 在核物质和辐射装置许可证授权下运营的机构；或d）由于现有的暴露情况，如过去活动中产生或使用的放射性物质污染区域，导致低水平流出物或核物质和危险物质排放到环境中。注:在这些情况下，设施运营商负责与监管当局协商确定本标准的适用性和适用性。 1.3操作条件本标准中描述的要求适用于正常条件。注:1）在核设施或许可活动的运行寿命期内，因偏离常规运行惯例而导致的任何释放（即合理可预见的不稳定事件，也称为包括泄漏和溢出在内的预期运行事件）被视为正常运行的一部分。2） 就CSA N288而言。2、本标准适用于事故情况。1.4术语1。4.1在本标准中，“应”用于表示要求，即用户为遵守本标准而有义务满足的规定；“应该”用于表示建议或建议但不需要的建议；“可”用于表示一个选项或在标准范围内允许的选项。 注释随附条款不包括要求或替代要求；随附条款的注释的目的是将解释性或信息性材料与文本分开。表和图的注释被视为表或图的一部分，可以作为要求编写。附件被指定为规范性（强制性）或信息性（非强制性）以定义其应用。1.4.2在本标准中，“应被视为”或“应考虑”意味着用户需要考虑可能性，作出决定，并记录该决定的理由。注:决策示例可能不包括行动、操作程序和设计特征。

PrefaceThis is the first edition of CSA N288.0, Environmental management of nuclear facilities: Common requirements of the CSA N288 series of Standards. This Standard is part of the N288 series of Standards and Guidelines on environmental management for nuclear facilities. The CSA N-Series Standards provide an interlinked set of requirements for the management of nuclear facilities and activities. This Standard captures the common elements of the CSA N288 series of Standards for the purposes of minimizing duplication of requirements within the series. Integration of CSA N288.0 will optimize the implementation of the series as well as facilitate optimal maintenance of the series as a whole. CSA N286 provides overall direction to management to develop and implement sound management practices and controls, while the other CSA Group nuclear Standards provide technical requirements and guidance that support the management system. This Standard works in harmony with CSA N286 and does not duplicate the generic requirements of CSA N286; however, it can provide more specific direction for those requirements. Users of this Standard are reminded that the design, manufacture, construction, commissioning, operation, and decommissioning of nuclear facilities in Canada are subject to the provisions of the Nuclear Safety and Control Act and its supporting Regulations.Scope1.1 General This Standard provides the general requirements for environmental management at nuclear facilities. This Standard is used in concert with the other CSA N288 Standards.Notes:1) CSA N288 Standards might reference the use of this Standard in a clause and might also include an Annex that adopts portions or modification of the Standard.2) See Clause 0 for a discussion of the CSA N288 series of Standards.1.2 Facilities1.2.1 This Standard applies to all nuclear facilities for which the CSA N288 series of Standards applies. Note: Nuclear facilities that typically use the CSA N288 series of Standards consist of Class 1 nuclear facilities, and uranium mines and mills. The conventional waste management facilities (e.g., landfills, incinerators, and sewage treatment plants handling non-radioactive material) of these nuclear facilities are also often included in the scope of a CSA N288 Standard.1.2.2 This Standard may also apply to a) Class II nuclear facilities; b) facilities that use or store naturally occurring radioactive materials; c) institutions operating under the authority of a nuclear substances and radiation devices licence; or d) low-level effluent or emissions of nuclear and hazardous substances released to the environment due to existing exposure situations such as those resulting from the contamination of areas with radioactive materials produced or used in past activities. Note: In these situations, the operator of the facility is responsible for determining the applicability and suitability of this Standard in consultation with the AHJ.1.3 Operating conditions The requirements described in this Standard are applicable as appropriate during normal conditions.Notes:1) Any release resulting from a deviation from routine operational practice that is expected to occur once or several times during the operating lifetime of a nuclear facility or licensed activity (i.e., reasonably foreseeable upset events, also known as anticipated operational occurrences including leaks and spills) is considered part of normal operation.2) In the case of CSA N288.2, this Standard is applicable to accident conditions.1.4 Terminology1.4.1 In this Standard, "shall" is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the Standard; "should" is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and "may" is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the Standard. Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material. Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements. Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.1.4.2 In this Standard, "shall be considered" or "shall consider" means that the user is required to consider the possibility, make a decision, and document the reason(s) for that decision. Note: Examples of decisions can include no action, operating procedures, and design features.