本文介绍了微生物采样的总结，作为一项研究的一部分，题为“源水评估:病原体浓度的变异性”，这是由美国水务协会研究基金会（AWWARF）和美国环境保护署（美国环保署）资助的。本文旨在总结贾第虫和隐孢子虫这两种水传播病原体的总体、空间和时间分布，以及相关的生物学指标，包括细菌（粪便、总大肠菌群和梭菌）和病毒（大肠噬菌体）。还调查了病原体、细菌和病毒的时空发生模式。对这些趋势进行了探索，以确定和量化影响这些微生物污染物模式和发生的相关因素。该项目的总体目标是利用这些特征设计采样计划，有效地确定各种流域类型中病原体的发生情况。 然而，本文侧重于总结监测结果，而不是指定一般抽样计划。在这一为期一年的项目期间，从美国的五个来源和加拿大安大略省的一个来源收集了理化和生物样本。这六个地点分别是俄勒冈州布尔伦水库；乔治亚州阿拉图纳水库；康涅狄格州米安努斯河；田纳西河，田纳西州；密西西比河，爱荷华州；安大略省格兰德河。样本采集始于1999年6月，于2000年6月完成。在此期间，从每个参与的水处理厂的进水中收集理化和生物样本。在采样期间，每个公用事业公司总共收集了大约100个生物样本。细菌、原生动物和包括贾第虫、隐孢子虫、梭状芽孢杆菌和噬菌体在内的病毒是根据一项专门为该项目设计的监测计划收集的，该计划使用了早期AwwaRF项目的发现。 监测计划使用了三个级别的采样频率，包括每周采样、每日采样（5组10个每日样本）和10个事件样本。每周的样本在本周初采集。连续10个工作日，每天采集5组10个每日样本。当电厂操作员怀疑可能导致一个或多个监测参数高于基线条件时，由各公用事业公司自行决定采集事件样本。还收集了包括水质数据和水文数据的辅助数据。水文数据包括降水和河流流量每天或每周测量。辅助水质数据包括pH值、温度、浊度、碱度和硬度。一个简单的数据管理计划用于收集、存储、编译和传播该项目的所有数据。Excel电子表格用于数据输入，e- 用于数据传输的邮件和用于数据编译的关系数据库。整个系统支持网络，以简化对可用数据的访问。该受密码保护的网站用于向项目团队、AwwaRF和项目委员会以及参与的公用事业公司传播数据和分析。每个小组都有自己的密码来访问信息系统，以确保只有适当的各方才能访问自己的数据。一旦参与该项目的各方处理了他们的数据，该网站就每月更新一次。包括表格、数字。

This paper presents a summary of the microbiological sampling performed as part of a study entitled "Source Water Assessment: Variability of Pathogen Concentrations" which was funded by American Water Works Association Research Foundation (AWWARF) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). The purpose of this paper is to summarize the overall, spatial and temporal distributions of two waterborne pathogens, Giardia and Cryptosporidium, and related biological indicators including bacteria (fecal and total coliform and Clostridium) and viruses (coliphage). Spatial and temporal patterns of occurrence were also investigated for pathogens, bacteria and viruses. These trends were explored to identify and quantify relevant factors influencing the pattern and occurrence of these microbial contaminants. The overall goal of this project was to use these characteristics to design sampling plans that would effectively define the occurrence of pathogens in a variety of watershed types. However, this paper focuses on summarizing the results for monitoring not on specifying general sampling plans. During this one-year period project, physicochemical and biological samples were collected from five sources in the USA and one in the Province of Ontario, Canada. The six sites were Bull Run Reservoir, Oregon; Allatoona Reservoir, Georgia; Mianus River, Connecticut; Tennessee River, Tennessee; Mississippi River, Iowa; and, Grand River, Ontario. Sample collection began in June 1999 and was completed by June 2000. During this period, physicochemical and biological samples were collected from the influent of each participating water treatment plant. Each utility collected a total of approximately 100 biological samples over the course of the sampling period. Bacteria, protozoa, and viruses including Giardia, Cryptosporidium, Clostridium, and phage were collected following a monitoring plan designed specifically for this project using findings from an earlier AwwaRF project. The monitoring plan used three levels of sampling frequency including weekly sampling, daily sampling (5 sets of 10 daily samples), and 10 event samples. Weekly samples were collected in the beginning of the week. The 5 sets of 10 daily samples were collected daily for ten consecutive working days. The event samples were taken at the discretion of each utility at a time when the operators of the plant suspected conditions that would result in one or more of their monitoring parameters being elevated compared to baseline conditions. Ancillary data comprising both water quality data and hydrology data were also collected. Hydrology data including precipitation and stream flow were measured daily or weekly. Ancillary water quality data included pH, temperature, turbidity, alkalinity and hardness. A simple data management plan was used to collect, store, compile and disseminate all data for this project. Excel spreadsheets were utilized for data input, e-mail for data transmission and a relational database for data compilation. The entire system was web enabled to simplify accessing the available data. The password-protected website was used to disseminate data and analysis to the project team, AwwaRF and Project Committee, and participating utilities. Each group had its own password to access the information system to ensure that only the appropriate parties gained access to their own data. The website was updated on a monthly basis as soon all parties involved in the project processed their data. Includes tables, figures.