1.1 本指南介绍了一系列与涉及水力压裂的油气开发相关的数据收集、数据管理、信息交付和报告选项。提出的数据管理和报告选项旨在改善三个主要利益相关者群体（运营商、监管机构和公众）之间的透明信息交换。改善信息交流有望提高公众对油气开发的了解。 1.2 本指南中的建议可能并不适用于所有情况。本指南无意代表或取代判断给定专业服务是否充分的谨慎标准，也不应在不考虑项目的许多独特方面的情况下应用本指南。 本文件标题中的“标准”一词表示该文件已通过ASTM程序批准。 1.3 单位- 以英寸-磅为单位的数值应视为标准值。括号中给出的值是到国际单位制的数学转换，仅供参考，不被视为标准值。 1.4 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.5 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 指南的局限性- 本指南供参与使用水力压裂进行油气开发作业期间收集、管理、报告和交付数据的利益相关者使用。为水力压裂的运营和业务问题收集的一些数据被归类为专有数据，可由单个运营商根据州监管条件进行分类。因此，本指南将不涉及专有运营商数据的收集、管理和报告，除非注意到通过缩小专有数据的分类范围和在监管机构之间标准化“专有数据”的定义可以实现重大利益。 监管机构对数据的兴趣因具体机构的章程、法定/立法授权、遗留要求以及与运营商合规性相关的考虑因素而大不相同。根据管辖范围，多个监管机构通常对石油和天然气开发作业负有法定责任。这些机构根据机构的具体职责适当确定将收集哪些信息。因此，本指南将不涉及监管机构收集的数据元素的选择，除非注意到，通过使用集成或通用、机构间、数据管理流程、协议、系统和最佳做法，并对照姐妹机构的数据收集活动审查数据收集活动，以最大限度地减少差距和重叠，可以实现显著的效率。 5.2 油气开发作业包括整个油井生命周期，如所示 图1 . 图1 油气开发作业阶段以及生命周期 5.3 本指南将水力压裂与油气开发作业区分开来。许多人认为这些术语可以互换。该行业通常将水力压裂称为对页岩地层中的油井加压以压裂该地层并释放石油和天然气的明确行为。然而，公众通常将水力压裂视为从页岩地层中提取石油和天然气的活动的生命周期，其中包括对这些地层进行水力压裂的过程。水力压裂是刺激水平、垂直或倾斜油气井的一种特定方法，通常只持续几天，而油气开发作业可以持续几十年，可能包括多个水力压裂事件。 5.4 指南的实施- 本指南没有规定政策行动，但提供了数据生产者和管理者在制定或加强数据管理和报告机制以满足最终用户和公众需求时应考虑的技术建议。利益相关者可以实施本指南中提出的建议，作为调整数据目标和支持改进数据分析和流程的手段。应定期评估数据管理和报告流程，并进行改进，以满足持续的利益相关者需求。 5.5 向公众报告的数据应具有相关性、及时性、可访问性、准确性和可验证性。不幸的是，在某些情况下，监管机构没有以允许公众有效和及时访问的形式收集、接收或存储相关数据。 5.6 使用本指南的预期益处- 通过向利益相关者提供自助服务区域或门户，以查看有关石油和天然气开发作业的准确和综合信息，增加公共信息访问； 5.6.1 为地方、州和联邦机构及其他利益相关者制定更确定、更一致的IT规划和决策； 5.6.2 通过各机构提供的接口，可公开访问、可查询、空间分布的数据库； 5.6.3 提高了数据库的准确性、完整性，并对可公开访问的数据进行了QA验证； 5.6.4 在石油和天然气开发期间，直接和立即获取指定的健康相关数据，用于环境应急响应和补救，包括施工、维护、退役和监测数据； 5.6.5 通过州际和州内的协作数据共享改善监管机构的环境和运营数据管理，通过跨司法管辖区的数据协议、交换、集成和利益相关者之间的互操作性减少工作重复； 5.6.6 关于新油井、现有油井或重复压裂油井的全面数据报告和信息交付，以提高社区对公共卫生安全和福利潜在关注领域的认识； 5.6.7 直接、及时地访问易于查询的数据和报告，以供州、地区和国家分析石油和天然气开发的潜在环境影响。 5.6.8 与其他利益相关者（例如，其他机构、相关部门、研究和学术来源以及行业来源）进行的相关研发研究相关的数据集。

1.1 This guide presents a series of options regarding data collection, data management, and information delivery and reporting associated with oil and gas development involving hydraulic fracturing. Options presented for data management and reporting are intended to improve the transparent information exchange between three primary stakeholder groups: operators, regulators, and the public. Improved information exchange is expected to enhance public understanding of oil and gas development. 1.2 Suggestions contained in this guide may not be applicable in all circumstances. This guide is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service should be judged, nor should this guide be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means that the document has been approved through the ASTM process. 1.3 Units— The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 Limitations of Guide— This guide is for use by stakeholders involved with collecting, managing, reporting, and delivering data during oil and gas development operations using hydraulic fracturing. Some data collected for operational and business concerns regarding hydraulic fracturing is classified as proprietary and can be classified as such by individual operators based on state regulatory conditions. Accordingly, this guide will not address the collection, management, and reporting of proprietary operator data other than to note that significant benefits may be achieved by narrowing the classification of proprietary data, and standardizing the definition of “proprietary data” between regulators. Regulators’ interests in data vary widely based upon a specific agency’s charter, statutory/legislative mandates, legacy requirements, and considerations relating to operator compliance. Depending upon jurisdictional boundaries, multiple regulatory agencies generally have statutory responsibilities regarding oil and gas development operations. These agencies properly determine what information will be collected based on agency specific responsibilities. Accordingly, this guide will not address the selection of data elements to be collected by regulatory agencies other than to note that significant efficiencies may be achieved by using integrated or common, interagency, data management processes, protocols, systems, and best practices and by reviewing data collection activities against those of sister agencies to minimize gaps and overlaps. 5.2 Oil and gas development operations include the entire well life cycle, as shown in Fig. 1 . FIG. 1 Phases of Oil and Gas Development Operations Well Life Cycle 5.3 This guide distinguishes the term hydraulic fracturing from oil and gas development operations. Many consider the terms interchangeable. The industry typically refers to hydraulic fracturing as the explicit act of pressurizing a well in a shale formation to fracture that formation and release oil and gas. However, the public commonly views hydraulic fracturing as the life cycle of activities used to extract oil and gas from shale formations, which include the process of hydraulic fracturing those formations. Hydraulic fracturing is a specific method for stimulating horizontal, vertical, or slanted oil and gas wells that typically only lasts a few days, whereas oil and gas development operations could continue for decades and may include multiple hydraulic fracturing events. 5.4 Implementation of Guide— This guide does not prescribe policy actions, but provides technical suggestions data producers and managers should consider when developing or enhancing data management and reporting mechanisms to satisfy the needs of end users and the public. Stakeholders may implement suggestions presented in this guide as a means of aligning data objectives and supporting improved data analysis and processes. Data management and reporting processes should be periodically evaluated and improvements made to address ongoing stakeholder requirements and needs. 5.5 Data reported to the public should be relevant, timely, accessible, accurate, and verifiable. Unfortunately, in some instances, relevant data are not being collected, received, or stored by the regulatory agencies in a form that allows effective and timely access by the public. 5.6 Anticipated Benefits Expected from the Use of This Guide— Increase public information access by providing stakeholders a self-service area or portal to view accurate and consolidated information regarding oil and gas development operations; 5.6.1 More certain and consistent IT planning and decision making for local, state, and federal agencies and other stakeholders; 5.6.2 Publicly accessible, queryable, spatially distributed databases through an interface supplied by each respective agency; 5.6.3 Improved database accuracy, completeness, and QA verifications are in place for publicly accessible data; 5.6.4 Direct and immediate access to designated health-related data for environmental emergency responses and remediation during oil and gas development including construction, maintenance, decommissioning and monitoring data; 5.6.5 Improved environmental and operational data management by regulators through collaborative inter and intra-state data sharing, reducing duplication of efforts through cross-jurisdictional data protocols, exchanges, integrations, and interoperability among stakeholders; 5.6.6 Comprehensive data reporting, and information delivery regarding new, existing, or refractured oil and gas wells for community awareness of potential areas of concern regarding public health safety and welfare; 5.6.7 Direct and timely access to easily queryable data and reporting for state, regional, and national analyses of potential environmental impacts from oil and gas development. 5.6.8 Data sets linked to related research and development studies conducted by other stakeholders (for example, other agencies, related departments, research and academic sources, and industry sources).