颗粒物（包括有机物、矿物质和微生物）与环境的反应方式在饮用水领域尤为重要。理解这种环境关系首先要理解粒子最外层表面条纹的特征。特别重要的是粒子的静电电荷，它与离子的吸附、表面的吸引或排斥、悬浮稳定性、粘附、聚集和絮凝直接相关。本文综述了描述粒子表面电荷的基本理论。 描述了影响饮用水中颗粒物表面电荷的因素，并利用微生物研究的实验结果说明了它们之间的关系。讨论了样品制备和表面电荷测量期间必须采取的预防措施。最后，讨论了如何将表面电荷测量用作水处理过程控制工具。

The way in which particulates, including organic matter, minerals and microorganisms, react with their environment is particularly important in the drinking water field. Understanding this environmental relationship starts with understanding the characteristics of the particle outermost surface fringes. Of particular importance is the particle's electrostatic charge which is directly relevant to the adsorption of ions, attraction to or repulsion from surfaces, suspension stability, adhesion, aggregation and flocculation. This paper summarizes the fundamental theories used to describe the surface charge of particles. Factors influencing the surface charge of particles in drinking water are described and relationships between them are illustrated using experimental results of studies employing the use of microorganisms. A discussion of precautions that must be taken during sample preparation and during surface charge measurements is included. Finally, a discussion of how surface charge measurements can be used as a water treatment process control tool is presented.