1.1 本指南涵盖了在化学品（例如，气相、溶解相或非水相液体（NAPL））释放到环境中的场所选择适当的补救措施。这一整体补救措施选择过程如所示 图1 . 本指南旨在应用于基于风险的纠正行动（RBCA）框架内。 图1 补救措施选择过程 1.2 本指南的目的是促进选择可接受的补救措施，并将导致选择不同时满足风险的补救措施的错误决策降至最低- 基于补救行动目标和非风险补救行动目标。 1.3 本指南适用于需要采取补救措施以解决不可接受的人类健康或生态风险、其他监管要求和/或其他不可接受的现场条件的现场。在使用本指南之前，应完成现场评估，结果如下: (1) 制定补救行动目标， (2) 确定需要采取补救行动以实现补救行动目标， (3) 确定需要采取补救措施的现场区域，以及 (4) 反映现场评估结果的概念现场模型。假设已使用RBCA或另一种基于风险的评估方法建立了基于风险的补救行动目标，从而根据对来源、暴露途径和潜在受体的评估确定适当的补救行动目标。可使用指南制定补救行动目标 E1739 指导 E2081年 ，和/或指南 E2205 . 此外，应遵循适用的联邦、州和地方法规、法令和政策，并应构成确定风险的基础- 基于和非风险补救行动目标。除了保护人类健康和环境外，补救行动的目标可能包括资源保护标准和预防审美或滋扰影响。 1.4 暴露途径的每个基于风险的补救行动目标通常包括每个关注化学品（COC）的数字补救行动水平。还可以为非风险补救行动目标（如资源保护标准）制定补救行动水平。非风险补救措施水平可能包括NAPL的厚度或流动性标准。 基于对相关暴露途径或资源保护标准的考虑，选定的补救措施必须对每个补救行动目标有效且及时。 1.5 为了便于选择可接受的补救措施，本指南建立了补救措施选择流程( 图2 )这包括: 图2 补救措施选择流程图 图2 补救措施选择流程图 （续） 1.5.1 制定基于风险的补救行动目标 这包括确定完整的暴露途径和数字补救措施水平（第 5. ). 1.5. 2. 制定非风险补救行动目标 基于资源保护和其他非风险考虑。资源保护目标通常包括数字补救行动级别，而其他非风险标准通常是非数字的，可能包括:补救时间表、可实施性、成本效益、法规遵从性、财产使用要求、责任控制和社区关注（第节） 5. ). 1.5.3 保护性评估 确定对现场的每个基于风险的补救行动目标有效且及时的保护性补救行动（第 6. ). 1.5.4 使用非风险补救行动目标评估保留补救措施 确定满足每个非风险标准最低水平的可接受补救措施（第 7. ). 1.5.5 补救措施选择 选择在现场实施的可接受补救措施（第 8. ). 1.5.6 补救措施的设计和实施 确保所选补救措施在现场有效实施，并满足补救行动目标（第 9 ). 1.6 本指南旨在用于选择最终补救措施。本指南也可用于选择临时措施，前提是风险- 基于补救行动目标和非风险补救行动目标可用于评估这些临时措施。 1.7 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.8 本指南无意专门解决承包商的健康和安全问题。本指南的用户有责任确保满足职业安全与健康管理局（OSHA）的监管要求，并参考适当的行业惯例以获取指导。 1.9 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。 本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.10 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 本指南适用于RBCA流程或其他风险- 基于源、暴露途径和受体评估的人类健康和环境保护框架。 4.2 本指南旨在确定选择和实施适当补救措施时应考虑的因素，以解决现场环境介质中COC浓度高于补救措施水平的问题。用于选择补救措施的具体过程因现场而异。然而，在所有情况下，选定的补救措施都应是保护性补救措施（即实现风险- 基于补救行动目标）和可接受的补救行动（即，满足非风险补救行动目标）。

1.1 This guide covers the selection of appropriate remedial actions at sites where a release of chemicals (for example, vapor-phase, dissolved-phase, or non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPL)) into the environment has occurred. This overall remedy selection process is illustrated in Fig. 1 . The guide is intended to be applied within a risk-based corrective action (RBCA) framework. FIG. 1 Remedy Selection Process 1.2 The purpose of this guide is to facilitate the selection of acceptable remedial actions and to minimize bad decisions leading to the selection of remedial actions that do not satisfy both the risk-based remedial action objectives and the non-risk remedial action objectives. 1.3 This guide is intended to be applied at sites that require a remedial action to address unacceptable human heath or ecological risks, other regulatory requirements, and/or other unacceptable site conditions. Prior to use of this guide, a site assessment should be completed resulting in: (1) the establishment of remedial action objectives, (2) a determination that a remedial action is required to achieve the remedial action objectives, (3) an identification of site areas requiring a remedial action, and (4) a conceptual site model that reflects the results of the site assessment. The risk-based remedial action objectives are assumed to have been established using RBCA or another risk-based assessment method that results in the identification of appropriate remedial action objectives based on an evaluation of sources, exposure pathways, and potential receptors. Remedial action objectives may be established using Guide E1739 , Guide E2081 , and/or Guide E2205 . In addition, applicable federal, state, and local regulations, statutes, and policies should be followed and should form the basis for determining risk-based and non-risk remedial action objectives. The remedial action objectives may include resource protection standards and the prevention of aesthetic or nuisance impacts in addition to protection of human health and the environment. 1.4 Each risk-based remedial action objective for an exposure pathway will typically include numeric remedial action levels for each chemical of concern (COC). Remedial action levels may also be developed for non-risk remedial action objectives such as resource protection standards. The non-risk remedial action levels may include thickness or mobility criteria for NAPL. The selected remedy must be effective and timely for each remedial action objective based on the consideration of the associated exposure pathway or resource protection standard. 1.5 To facilitate the selection of acceptable remedial actions, this guide establishes a process for remedy selection ( Fig. 2 ) that involves: FIG. 2 Remedy Selection Flowchart FIG. 2 Remedy Selection Flowchart (continued) 1.5.1 Development of risk-based remedial action objectives that includes identification of complete exposure pathways and numeric remedial action levels (Section 5 ). 1.5.2 Development of non-risk remedial action objectives based on resource protection and other non-risk considerations. Resource protection objectives typically include numeric remedial action levels while other non-risk criteria are typically non-numeric and may include: remediation timeframe, implementability, cost effectiveness, regulatory compliance, property use requirements, liability control, and community concern (Section 5 ). 1.5.3 Evaluation of protectiveness to identify protective remedial actions that will be effective and timely for each risk-based remedial action objective for the site (Section 6 ). 1.5.4 Evaluation of the retained remedies using the non-risk remedial action objectives to identify acceptable remedial actions that satisfy the minimum level for each non-risk criterion (Section 7 ). 1.5.5 Remedial action selection to select the acceptable remedial action to be implemented at the site (Section 8 ). 1.5.6 Remedy design and implementation to ensure that the selected remedy is effectively implemented at the site and satisfies the remedial action objectives (Section 9 ). 1.6 This guide is intended for use in the selection of final remedial actions. This guide may also be used in the selection of interim measures provided that risk-based remedial action objectives and non-risk remedial action objectives are available for the evaluation of these interim measures. 1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.8 This guide is not intended to specifically address contractor health and safety issues. It is the responsibility of the user of this guide to ensure that Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulatory requirements are met, and appropriate industry practices are consulted for guidance. 1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 This guide is intended for use within a RBCA process or other risk-based framework for protection of human health and the environment that is based on an evaluation of sources, exposure pathways, and receptors. 4.2 This guide is intended to identify the factors that should be considered in the selection and implementation of an appropriate remedial action to address COCs present in environmental media at the site at concentrations above the remedial action levels. The specific process used to select the remedial action will vary widely from site to site. However, in all cases, the selected remedial action should be both a protective remedial action (that is, achieves the risk-based remedial action objectives) and an acceptable remedial action (that is, satisfies the non-risk remedial action objectives).