尽管饮用水低压膜市场增长迅速 然而，这项技术在大型供水设施中的应用受到了限制。水力的 在堪萨斯城进行的一项为期六个月的试点研究中收集到的水质性能数据也有所改善 证明在大型工厂中用低压膜改造颗粒介质过滤器 可以成为满足不断增长的监管要求的重要工具，同时 提高工厂产能。 该项目的总体目标是确定和检查与此相关的关键问题 在现有的大型水介质过滤器中使用颗粒膜过滤器。 该项目有几个具体目标。 首先是 为改造堪萨斯城供水系统开发全尺寸膜系统设计 部门（KCWSD）水处理厂，膜选择用于特定用途 使其非常适合应用的特性。这些特点包括 高渗透性、高纤维填充密度和化学相容性。 第二个具体目标是开发概念布局，详细说明重力馈电和泵送膜改造 KCWSD的场景基于试点测试期间制定的设计参数。这 演习包括对集成问题的分析，如现有基础设施的使用、辅助设备要求、膜完整性测试协议和运营商 培训要求。第三个具体目标是 制定用膜介质改造现有颗粒介质过滤器的成本估算 KCWSD水处理厂的过滤器。对所用方法的讨论包括测试地点、测试膜和测试方案。包括表格、数字。

Though there has been rapid growth in the low-pressure membrane market for drinking water treatment, the application of this technology to large water utilities has been limited. Hydraulic and water quality performance data gathered during a six-month pilot study in Kansas City has demonstrated that retrofitting granular media filters with low-pressure membranes in large plants can be an important tool to meet ever-increasing regulatory requirements while substantially increasing plant capacity. The overall objective of this project was to identify and examine the key issues related to retrofitting existing granular media filters with membrane media filters in large water utilities. There were several specific objectives to the project. The first was to develop full-scale membrane system design for retrofitting the Kansas City Water Services Department (KCWSD) water treatment plant with membranes selected for specific characteristics that make them well suited for the application. These characteristics include high permeability, high fiber packing density, and chemical compatibility. The second specific objective was to develop conceptual layouts detailing both gravity-fed and pumped membrane retrofit scenarios at KCWSD based on the design parameters developed during pilot testing. This exercise included an analysis of integration issues such as the use of existing infrastructure, ancillary equipment requirements, membrane integrity testing protocols, and operator training requirements. The third specific objective was to develop cost estimates for retrofitting existing granular media filters with membrane media filters at the KCWSD water treatment plant. Discussion of the approach used includes testing site, membranes tested, and testing protocol. Includes tables, figures.