1.1 本指南确定了与翻译项目每个阶段的语言翻译服务质量相关的因素。本指南旨在供翻译领域知识水平不同的所有利益相关者使用。 1.2 本指南旨在为就翻译项目的规范达成一致提供一个框架。在这个框架内，服务协议的参与者可以定义获得所需质量的产品所需的过程，以满足最终用户的需求和期望。 1.3 本指南不提供具体指标。 1.4 本指南还包括工程开始前应考虑的规范参数列表。 1.5 翻译可以在多种语境下进行。 1.5.1 一种是全球化、国际化、本地化和翻译（GILT），它采用为一个受众创造的产品或服务，使其适合本国或全球的各种外语受众。对于附带或包含文字材料的产品或服务，该过程必须对地理区域的文化方面和特定市场的语言（有时称为地区）敏感。 1.5.2 翻译也可以在各种政府实践的背景下看待，包括同时向多个地区传达相同、统一的信息，即不改变个别地区的信息，甚至不改变信息，并且在收集信息时，保留原文的原味，有目的地避免本地化。 1.5.3 最后，翻译可以在更一般的语境中看待。尽管许多翻译是在GILT环境下或出于政府目的（例如，外交、执法、卫生和公共服务、安全等）进行的，但还有许多其他类型的翻译是为了理解用另一种语言编写的材料（例如，期刊、信件、新闻广播和通信）。某些类型的翻译可能不包括本地化。 1.6 本指南提供了有组织的信息收集，并不推荐具体的行动方案。本指南不能取代教育或经验，应与专业判断结合使用。 并非本指南的所有方面都适用于所有情况。本ASTM指南不代表或取代判断给定专业服务是否充分的谨慎标准，也不应在不考虑项目独特性的情况下应用本指南。本指南标题中的“标准”一词仅表示本指南已通过ASTM国际共识程序获得批准。 1.7 本指南不涉及口译（也称口译），口译涉及口语而非书面语（见指南） F2089 ). ====意义和用途====== 4.1 观众- 本指南旨在为翻译的请求者和最终用户、此类服务的提供者（内部或外部）以及培训机构提供服务，以促进清晰的沟通，从而避免翻译项目生命周期中的潜在时间、金钱和质量损失。 4.2 翻译供应链- 译文的最终用户（实际阅读目标语言文本的人）通常不是要求翻译的人。请求者可以是个人，也可以在组织内担任几乎任何职位，可能不知道目标语言，甚至不知道源语言，因此可能无法亲自评估翻译。 同样，请求者联系的翻译服务提供商可能不是实际翻译文档的人。因此，对于请求者和翻译服务提供者之间的关系，有一个标准指南是很重要的，以便在开始翻译项目之前回答某些问题，这些问题的答案对于通过翻译供应链向最终用户成功交付高质量翻译至关重要。该链通常包括以下各方:最终用户、请求者、项目经理、翻译、编辑以及完成项目所需的任何其他人员（请参阅第节中的定义） 3. ). 在某些情况下，同一个人可能执行多个功能。例如，最终用户和请求者可以是同一个人，项目经理和翻译可以是同一个人。 4.3 规范的重要性- 高质量的翻译不能以任何给定的源文本只有一个正确、高质量的翻译为前提来定义。当然，可能有许多不同的错误翻译，但也可能有各种各样的正确翻译，这取决于为给定项目定义的规范和单个译者所做的选择。本指南包括参数列表（参见第节 8. )这需要以书面形式加以解决和记录，以获得一套可用于评估特定翻译质量的规范。规范是根据翻译目的以及最终用户的需求和期望来定义的。一组规范不是度量，但可以用作定义度量的基础。

1.1 This guide identifies factors relevant to the quality of language translation services for each phase of a translation project. The guide is intended for use by all stakeholders, with varying levels of knowledge in the field of translation. 1.2 This guide is designed to provide a framework for agreement on specifications for translation projects. Within this framework, the participants in a service agreement can define the processes necessary to arrive at a product of desired quality to serve the needs and expectations of the end user. 1.3 This guide does not provide specific metrics. 1.4 This guide also includes a list of specification parameters that shall be considered before work begins. 1.5 Translation can be viewed in a number of contexts. 1.5.1 One is that of globalization, internationalization, localization, and translation (GILT), which takes products or services created for one audience and makes them suitable to various foreign language audiences, whether in the home country or around the globe. In the case of products or services that are accompanied by or contain textual material, this process must be sensitive to cultural aspects of the geographic region and language of specific markets, sometimes referred to as locales. 1.5.2 Translation can also be viewed in the context of various government practices, including communicating an identical, uniform message to many locales at the same time, that is, not altering the message even slightly for individual locales, and, in information gathering, retaining the original flavor of the source text, purposely avoiding localization. 1.5.3 Finally, translation can be viewed in a more general context. Although much translation is done in a GILT context or for government purposes (for example, diplomacy, law enforcement, health and human services, security, and so forth), there are many other types of translation performed for the understanding of materials (for example, journals, letters, news broadcasts, and communications) that have been written in another language. Some types of translation may not include localization. 1.6 This guide offers an organized collection of information and does not recommend a specific course of action. This guide cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide can be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM guide is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service shall be judged, nor should this guide be applied without consideration of a project’s unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this guide means only that the guide has been approved through the ASTM International consensus process. 1.7 This guide does not address interpreting (also called interpretation), which involves spoken language as opposed to written language (see Guide F2089 ). ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 Audience— This guide is intended to serve requesters and end users of translation, providers of such services, either internal or external, and training institutions, so as to facilitate clear communication, thereby avoiding potential losses in time, money, and quality during the life of a translation project. 4.2 Translation Supply Chain— The end user of a translation (the person who actually reads the target-language text) is often not the person who requests the translation. The requester, who can be an individual or hold nearly any position within an organization, may not know the target language or even the source language and thus may not be able to evaluate the translation personally. Likewise, the translation service provider contacted by the requester may not be the person who actually translates the document. Thus, it is important to have a standard guide for relationships between the requester and the translation service provider(s) so that certain questions are answered before starting a translation project—questions for which answers are critical to the successful delivery of a quality translation through the translation supply chain to the end user. That chain often includes the following parties: end user, requester, project manager, translator, editor, and any other additional personnel needed to complete the project (please see definitions in Section 3 ). In some cases, the same person may perform more than one function. For example, the end user and the requester can be the same person, and the project manager and the translator can be the same individual. 4.3 Importance of Specifications— Quality translation cannot be defined on the premise that there is only one correct, high-quality translation for any given source text. Certainly, there can be many different incorrect translations, but there can also be a variety of correct ones, depending on the specifications defined for a given project and the choices made by the individual translator. This guide includes a list of parameters (see Section 8 ) that need to be addressed and documented in writing to obtain a set of specifications that can be used to evaluate the quality of a particular translation. Specifications are defined in terms of the purpose of the translation and the needs and expectations of the end user. A set of specifications is not a metric, but could be used as the basis for defining a metric.