1.1 本试验方法涵盖了一个程序，用于识别从表面擦拭的样品中的石棉，并提供以每单位面积采样表面的石棉结构数量报告的石棉浓度估计值。本试验方法中概述的程序采用间接样品制备技术。其目的是将聚集石棉分散成基本原纤维、纤维束、簇或基质。然而，与所有间接样品制备技术一样，为量化而观察到的石棉可能并不代表采样时石棉的物理形态。更具体地说，所述程序既不会产生也不会破坏石棉，但可能会改变矿物纤维骨料的物理形态。 1.2 本试验方法描述了石棉结构水平表面擦拭取样所需的设备和程序。将样品收集到颗粒上- 从可能含有石棉的取样区域表面清除擦拭材料。 1.2.1 这种擦拭采样技术的收集效率未知，并且会因基板而异。影响收集效率的特性包括表面纹理、粘附性和其他因素。 1.2.2 本试验方法通常适用于从每平方厘米约1000个石棉结构开始估算石棉结构的表面载荷。 1.3 通过透射电子显微镜（TEM）鉴定石棉基于形态学、电子衍射（ED）和能量色散X射线分析（EDXA）。 1.4 本试验方法允许测定存在的石棉纤维的类型。 1.4.1 本试验方法不能始终区分石棉的单个纤维和相同角闪石矿物的非石棉类似物。 1.4.2 可以检测到的石棉纤维尺寸没有下限。 然而，在实践中，可以检测到的石棉纤维尺寸下限是可变的，并取决于个别显微镜。因此，在报告的结果中，0.5μm的最小长度被定义为最短的光纤。 1.5 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。 1.6 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.7 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 这种擦拭取样和间接分析测试方法用于石棉表面的一般测试。它用于帮助评估建筑物中的表面，例如天花板、货架、电气元件、管道工程等。本试验方法提供了从分析期间检测到的石棉结构数量的定量测量得出的每单位面积采样的石棉结构浓度指数。 5.1.1 本试验方法不描述评估含石棉材料建筑物的安全性或可居住性所需的程序或技术，也不描述是否符合联邦、州或地方法规或法令。用户有责任做出这些决定。 5.1.2 目前，从表面取样的石棉与人类潜在接触之间不存在单一的直接关系。 因此，用户在评估时应考虑这些数据与其他可用信息（例如，空气采样数据）的关系。 5.2 在样品制备过程中分散的一个或多个含石棉的大颗粒可能会导致该样品的TEM分析中产生较大的石棉表面负载。因此，建议在同一区域保护多个重复的独立样本，并在整个过程中至少分析三个此类样本。

1.1 This test method covers a procedure to identify asbestos in samples wiped from surfaces and to provide an estimate of the concentration of asbestos reported as the number of asbestos structures per unit area of sampled surface. The procedure outlined in this test method employs an indirect sample preparation technique. It is intended to disperse aggregated asbestos into fundamental fibrils, fiber bundles, clusters, or matrices. However, as with all indirect sample preparation techniques, the asbestos observed for quantification may not represent the physical form of the asbestos as sampled. More specifically, the procedure described neither creates nor destroys asbestos, but it may alter the physical form of the mineral fiber aggregates. 1.2 This test method describes the equipment and procedures necessary for wipe sampling of surfaces for levels of asbestos structures. The sample is collected onto a particle-free wipe material (wipe) from the surface of a sampling area that may contain asbestos. 1.2.1 The collection efficiency of this wipe sampling technique is unknown and will vary among substrates. Properties influencing collection efficiency include surface texture, adhesiveness, and other factors. 1.2.2 This test method is generally applicable for an estimate of the surface loading of asbestos structures starting from approximately 1000 asbestos structures per square centimetre. 1.3 Asbestos identification by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is based on morphology, electron diffraction (ED), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA). 1.4 This test method allows determination of the type(s) of asbestos fibers present. 1.4.1 This test method cannot always discriminate between individual fibers of the asbestos and nonasbestos analogues of the same amphibole mineral. 1.4.2 There is no lower limit to the dimensions of asbestos fibers that can be detected. However, in practice, the lower limit to the dimensions of asbestos fibers, that can be detected, is variable and dependent on individual microscopists. Therefore, a minimum length of 0.5 μm has been defined as the shortest fiber to be incorporated in the reported results. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 This wipe sampling and indirect analysis test method is used for the general testing of surfaces for asbestos. It is used to assist in the evaluation of surfaces in buildings, such as ceiling tiles, shelving, electrical components, duct work, and so forth. This test method provides an index of the concentration of asbestos structures per unit area sampled as derived from a quantitative measure of the number of asbestos structures detected during analysis. 5.1.1 This test method does not describe procedures or techniques required for the evaluation of the safety or habitability of buildings with asbestos-containing materials, or compliance with federal, state, or local regulations or statutes. It is the user's responsibility to make these determinations. 5.1.2 At present, a single direct relationship between asbestos sampled from a surface and potential human exposure does not exist. Accordingly, the user should consider these data in relationship to other available information (for example, air sampling data) in their evaluation. 5.2 One or more large asbestos-containing particles dispersed during sample preparation may result in large asbestos surface loading results in the TEM analyses of that sample. It is, therefore, recommended that multiple replicate independent samples be secured in the same area, and that a minimum of three such samples be analyzed by the entire procedure.