本文介绍了近年来在克服离子交换法去除硝酸盐相关问题方面取得的研究进展。离子交换法因其简单、耐用、有效且成本相对较低而成为美国的首选方法。通过离子交换去除硝酸盐的问题包括:处理含有过量盐和硝酸盐的废再生盐水；增加腐蚀性和对健康的负面影响；和阴离子树脂污染时，适用于地表水。作者讨论了硝酸盐去除的主要竞争过程——生物反硝化。还提供了离子交换过程的详细总结，包括:多组分离子交换、水质对硝酸盐离子交换的影响、硝酸盐去除树脂的选择、含硝酸盐树脂的再生以及硝酸盐污染盐水的处理。提供了亚利桑那州格伦代尔的井水样本，以及详细的工艺和成本比较。

This paper deals with the research advances which have been made in recent years to overcome the problems associated with nitrate removal by ion exchange, the preferred method in the US because of its simplicity, ruggedness, effectiveness, and relatively low cost. Problems with nitrate removal by ion exchange include: disposal of the spent regenerant brine containing excess salt and nitrate; increased corrosivity and negative health effects; and anion resin fouling when applied to surface waters. The authors include a discussion of the primary competing process for nitrate removal--biological denitrification. Also provided is a detailed summary of the ion-exchange process, including: the multicomponent ion exchange, effects of water quality on nitrate ion exchange, choices of resins for nitrate removal, regeneration of nitrate-laden resin, and the disposal of nitrate-contaminated brine. Samples from well water in Glendale, Arizona, are provided as well as detailed process and cost comparisons.