1.1 本试验方法包括通过钢探针或销钉测定硬化混凝土的抗渗透性。 1.2 以国际单位制或英寸磅单位表示的数值应单独视为标准。每个系统中规定的值不一定是完全相等的；因此，为了确保符合标准，每个系统应独立使用，并且不得将两个系统的值组合使用。 1.3 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 有关具体的危险说明，请参阅第节 7. 。 1.4 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 该试验方法适用于评估混凝土的均匀性，并划定结构中质量差或混凝土劣化的区域。 5.2 该试验方法适用于估算现场强度，前提是已经通过实验建立了渗透阻力和混凝土强度之间的关系。对于给定的测试设备，必须建立这种关系（另请参见 9.1.5 )，使用与结构中类似的混凝土材料和混合比例。 使用ACI 228.1R中的程序和统计方法来开发和使用强度关系。 4. 注1: 由于渗透结果可能会受到成型表面性质的影响（例如，木模板与钢模板），因此应在成型表面与施工过程中使用的表面相似的试样上进行相关性测试。关于影响渗透测试结果的因素的其他信息以及过去研究的总结可供查阅。 4. ， 5. 5.3 钢制探头由高能粉末驱动驱动器驱动，探头可以穿透一些骨料颗粒。探针穿透阻力受混凝土强度以及粗骨料性质的影响。钢针的尺寸比探针小，由低- 能量，弹簧驱动驱动器。销钉仅用于穿透砂浆部分；因此，不考虑销钉撞击粗骨料颗粒的试验。 5.4 这种测试方法会导致混凝土表面损坏，可能需要对暴露的建筑饰面进行修复。

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance of hardened concrete to penetration by either a steel probe or pin. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7 . 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 This test method is applicable to assess the uniformity of concrete and to delineate zones of poor quality or deteriorated concrete in structures. 5.2 This test method is applicable to estimate in-place strength, provided that a relationship has been experimentally established between penetration resistance and concrete strength. Such a relationship must be established for a given test apparatus (see also 9.1.5 ), using similar concrete materials and mixture proportions as in the structure. Use the procedures and statistical methods in ACI 228.1R for developing and using the strength relationship. 4 Note 1: Since penetration results may be affected by the nature of the formed surfaces (for example, wooden forms versus steel forms), correlation testing should be performed on specimens with formed surfaces similar to those to be used during construction. Additional information on the factors affecting penetration test results and summaries of past research are available. 4 , 5 5.3 Steel probes are driven with a high-energy, powder-actuated driver, and probes may penetrate some aggregate particles. Probe penetration resistance is affected by concrete strength as well as the nature of the coarse aggregate. Steel pins are smaller in size than probes and are driven by a low-energy, spring-actuated driver. Pins are intended to penetrate the mortar fraction only; therefore, a test in which a pin strikes a coarse aggregate particle is disregarded. 5.4 This test method results in surface damage to the concrete, which may require repair in exposed architectural finishes.