1.1 本规程涵盖了从有轨电车、驳船、卡车或料堆煤炭表面下方获取人工总样本的程序。这些程序用于提供总样本，以估计煤炭质量。将总样品压碎、分割，并根据实践进一步制备以供分析 D2013年 . 1.2 本规程提供了暴露表面煤下方约61 cm（24 in.）深度的采样说明。在该深度收集样品，使其低于材料表面，因为干燥和氧化可能发生在材料表面或其附近。 水分、粒度和其他性质的变化继续发生在煤的深处，虽然没有表面附近剧烈，但会导致该方法产生偏差。用户应查看煤炭的状况（天气状况、运输前、沉淀时间等，请参阅 8.1 )因此，相关方可以同意，潜在的偏差不会太大，或者需要对规范进行一些调整。从有轨电车、驳船或堆料中的煤炭表层收集的样本增量被归类为条件“D”（见实践） D2234/D2234M ，增量集合分类）。当采样增量的采集符合条件“D”时，要求“所有相关方应事先约定采样程序的细节”，这是一种良好的做法。该做法提供了一种采样程序，各方可用于满足实践要求 D2234/D2234M 对于条件“D”。本规程不生产满足本规程精度要求的样品 D2234/D2234M 通用采样或实践 D2234/D2234M 特殊- 目的取样。 1.3 用户应注意，此类样本不满足概率抽样的最低要求，因此不能用于得出精度、标准误差或偏差等统计推断。 1.4 该抽样方法仅适用于不可能通过更可靠的方法提供概率抽样的情况。 1.5 以可接受的国际单位制或英寸-磅单位表示的数量单独视为标准。每个系统中规定的数量可能不是精确的等价物； 因此，每个系统必须相互独立使用，不得以任何方式组合数量。 1.6 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.7 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 考虑到可能遇到的各种情况，这些指南提供了从铁路车厢、驳船、卡车或堆料中暴露的煤炭表面下方手动收集总样本的程序。对样品进行进一步处理，以便实验室对煤质进行估计。本惯例的使用取决于所有相关方在采样开始前就样本采集的所有相关细节达成一致。 这些包括但不限于:批量；增量的数量和质量；增量采集设备的大小、形状和操作；增量采集点的位置；不收取或暂停增量的情况；以及安全预防措施。此类协议最好采用书面形式。用户应注意，由此获得的样品不代表渗透点以下的材料。

1.1 This practice covers procedures for obtaining a manual gross sample from beneath the surface of coal in railroad cars, barges, trucks, or stockpiles. These procedures are to be used to provide gross samples for estimating the quality of the coal. The gross samples are to be crushed, divided, and further prepared for analysis in accordance with Practice D2013 . 1.2 This practice provides instruction for sampling beneath the exposed surface coal to a depth of approximately 61 cm (24 in.). Collect samples at this depth to get below the surface of the material, since drying and oxidation may have occurred at, or near the surface. Changes in moisture, in particle size, and in other properties continue to occur deeper in the coal and, although not as drastic as near the surface, will cause the method to be biased. The user should review the conditions of the coal (weather conditions, prior transport, settling time, and so forth, see 8.1 ) so that the interested parties can agree that potential biases are not overly great or that some adjustment in specifications is warranted. Sample increments collected from the surface layer(s) of coal in railroad cars, barges, or stockpiles are classified condition “D” (see Practice D2234/D2234M , Increment Collection Classification). It is a good practice to require that “details of sampling procedure shall be agreed upon in advance by all parties concerned” whenever collection of sample increments falls under condition “D.” This practice offers a sampling procedure that parties may use to meet requirements of Practice D2234/D2234M for condition “D.” The practice does not produce samples that satisfy precision requirements of Practice D2234/D2234M general-purpose sampling, or Practice D2234/D2234M special-purpose sampling. 1.3 The user is cautioned that samples of this type do not satisfy the minimum requirements for probability sampling and as such cannot be used to draw statistical inferences such as precision, standard error, or bias. 1.4 This sampling method is intended for use only when sampling by more reliable methods that provide a probability sample is not possible. 1.5 The quantities stated in either acceptable SI units or in inch-pound units are regarded separately as standard. The quantities stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining quantities in any way. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 These guidelines provide procedures for manually collecting gross samples from beneath the exposed surface of coal in railroad cars, barges, trucks, or stockpiles taking into account the wide variety of conditions that may be encountered. The samples are further processed for the laboratory to provide estimations of the coal quality. The use of this practice is conditional upon agreement among all interested parties concerning all relevant details of sample collection before sampling begins. These include, but are not limited to: lot size; number and mass of increments; the size, shape, and manipulation of the increment collection devices; location of increment collection site or sites; circumstances under which increments are not to be collected or suspended; and safety precautions. It is preferable that such agreements be in writing. The user is cautioned that samples so obtained do not represent material below the point of penetration.