1.1 本规程涵盖在新建和现有建筑中安装开窗产品。就本实践而言，开窗产品应仅限于窗户、滑动庭院型门、摆动庭院型门和天窗，主要用于住宅和轻型商业建筑。 1.2 本实践假设安装人员具备基本的木工技能，并了解墙壁和屋顶施工、金属板工作和接缝密封剂实践。 1.3 本规程旨在指导安装人员并使其熟悉屏障系统和薄膜/排水系统的概念，以确保建筑围护结构的连续性。 这种做法试图教育安装人员、建筑商、建筑师和其他用户识别和理解建筑围护结构的排水系统。 1.4 本规程涵盖了从安装前程序到安装后程序的安装过程，适用于单个开口中的单个单元或工厂热处理的多个单元。它不包括多个单元的制造或组装，无论这种制造是在工厂还是在预定的安装现场进行。安装人员应与工厂组装单元的制造商核实锚固说明。 使用现场热处理装置时，应遵循制造商的建议，并确保其符合适用规范。本规程不包括为特定应用选择合适的开窗产品，也不包括为安装选择其他产品或系统。 1.5 本规程提供了最低要求，有助于以有效的方式完成开窗产品的安装。建筑物的实际情况千差万别，在某些情况下，可能需要采取实质性的额外预防措施。如果随产品提供的制造商安装说明与本规范的要求相冲突，应以制造商的说明为准。 这种做法并不是为了限制或排除其他可能完善或进一步提高开窗安装效果的新程序。 1.5.1 本规程旨在提供背景信息，以便制定培训手册和培训计划。此外，这种做法试图巩固和统一施工的各个步骤，将涉及开窗产品和建筑围护结构之间连续性的各个行业联系在一起。 1.6 本规程的正文引用了提供解释性材料的注释和脚注。这些注释和脚注（不包括表和图中的注释和脚注）不应被视为本规范的要求。 1.7 本标准的制定并不是为了解决与现场可能遇到的每一种安装情况相关的所有问题。此外，该实践并不旨在提供故障安全安装方法、针对安装缺陷的保证或保护，也不旨在提供建筑师可以指定或确保交付性能的标准。 注1: 没有ISO标准涵盖这一实践的主要主题。 1.8 设计专业人员- 这种做法并不旨在限制注册设计专业人员选择安装方法或更改、修改或开发其他安装方法以满足特定位置建筑项目的特定要求的作用和权限。 设计专业人员有权编制施工文件，说明与防水屏障（WRB）集成的窗户/门/天窗安装。 1.9 以英寸磅为单位的数值应视为标准。括号中给出的值是国际单位制的数学转换，仅供参考，不被视为标准。 1.10 本规程并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并在使用前确定监管限制的适用性。 有关具体的预防说明，请参阅第节 5. ，相关程序。如果已知或怀疑存在铅危害，请参阅 ASTM建筑铅危害标准 以及适用的州和联邦法规。凡已知或怀疑有石棉危险，请参阅 ASTM石棉控制手册 以及适用的州和联邦法规。 1.11 目录: 部分 范围 1. 目录 1.11 参考文件 2. 术语 3. 定义 3.1 本标准专用术语说明 3.2 缩写 3.3 意义和用途 4. 相关问题和程序 5. 与天气屏障系统的连续性 5.1 接头和锚固件 5.2 水分截留 5.3 防水屏障 5.4 耐候性 5.5 施工顺序 5.6 施工损坏 5.7 视察 5.8 开口粗糙 5.9 粗略开口尺寸 5.9.1 绝缘或填充粗糙的开口间隙 5.9.2 材料保护 5.10 清洁和维护 5.11 不同材料 5.12 闪光要求 5.13 紧固系统/锚固 5.14 填隙 5.15 泛水系统和地基的耐候性 5.16 预安装程序 5.17 密封剂的选择和使用 5.18 窗户清洁器锚固件及相关安全 硬件 5.19 开窗产品与 建筑围护结构的其他构件 6. 墙体和屋顶系统的排水策略 7. 表面屏障系统的概念和 薄膜/排水系统 7.1 表面屏障系统 7.1.1 薄膜/排水系统 7.1.2 系统识别 7.2 Windows的安装方法 8. 使用膜/排水系统的墙上的窗户 系统 8.1 带周边安装法兰的窗户 排水型墙体施工中的（钉翼） 8.1.1 法兰类型 8.1.1.1 安装方法的选择 8.1.1.2 方法A 8.1.1.3.1 方法B 8.1.1.3.2 方法A1 8.1.1.3.3 方法B1 8.1.1.3.4 膜/排水系统中的无翼窗 类型墙 8.1.2 使用障碍墙系统的墙上的窗户 （密封剂方法） 8.2 使用外部屏障系统的墙上的窗户 （EIFS或直接应用） 8.3 经批准的替代安装方法 Windows的安装 8.4 极端风/水条件 8.4.1 膜排水木框架施工 8.4.1.1 带表面屏障的砌体施工 灰泥外墙 8.4.1.2 特殊注意事项 8.5 铝框窗户 8.5.1 乙烯基框架窗户 8.5.2 更换车窗的安装 8.6 现有整体式车窗的部分更换 法兰窗 8.6.1 部分更换工厂木窗 8.6.2 “工厂车间”木窗（垂直或水平 滑动） 8.6.2.1 完整的车窗更换 8.6.3 破坏性车窗更换（翅片式） 8.6.3.1 无损车窗更换 （非翅片型） 8.6.3.2 门的安装方法 9 采用薄膜/排水系统的墙内门 9.1 带周边安装法兰的门 排水型墙中的（钉翼） 建设 9.1.1 法兰类型 9.1.1.1 安装方法的选择 9.1.1.2 方法A 9.1.1. 4.1 方法B 9.1.1.4.2 方法A1 9.1.1.4.3 方法B1 9.1.1.4.4 薄膜铰链式摆动（无翅片）门/ 排水型墙 9.1.2 天窗安装方法 10 产品类型 10.1 闪光程序 10.2 铝板/铜片泛水 10.3 铝/铜阶梯式泛水板（制造或 工程） 10.4 薄膜泛水 10.5 安装后程序 11 关键词 12 粗糙环境中使用的空气屏障泡沫密封剂 开口间隙 附件A1 紧急逃生和救援要求 附件A2 内部高度的最低高度要求 泛光闪烁 附件A3 密封剂 附件A4 车窗/车门泛水类型 附录X1 安装注意事项 附录X2 其他参考安装指南 附录X3 替代安装方法 附录X4 内部周边粗糙处的漏气密封 开口（气封和水封） 附录X5 1.12 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 本规程认识到，已安装开窗产品的有效性能在一定程度上取决于是否遵循适当的安装程序和适当的工艺。 4.2 这种做法认识到，行业的协调和适当的顺序对于有效的开窗安装至关重要。总承包商应负责对已安装的开窗产品进行必要的贸易协调和适当的施工顺序。 4.3 机组安装不当会导致过量的空气、水和声音泄漏以及冷凝。它可能会促进墙体结构、隔热材料、开窗产品及其各自饰面的恶化。 4.4 本规程假定具备适用的联邦、州和地方法规的工作知识，特别是但不限于所需的出口方式、安全玻璃材料的要求和适用规范的结构要求。 4.5 本规程假定具备安装指定开窗产品所需的工具、设备和方法的工作知识。它进一步假设熟悉泛水和密封、上釉程序、饰面（如适用），并了解影响这些单元安装的施工基本原理。 4.6 这种做法假定为安装提供的产品及其在结构内的位置符合所有适用的建筑规范和规定。

1.1 This practice covers the installation of fenestration products in new and existing construction. For the purpose of this practice, fenestration products shall be limited to windows, sliding patio-type doors, swinging patio type doors, and skylights, as used primarily in residential and light commercial buildings. 1.2 This practice assumes that the installer possesses basic woodworking skills and an understanding of wall and roof construction, sheet metal work, and joint sealant practices. 1.3 This practice attempts to instruct and familiarize the installer with the concepts of both Barrier Systems and Membrane/Drainage Systems, in order to ensure the continuity of the building envelope. This practice attempts to educate the installer, builder, architect, and other users in the identification and understanding of the water shedding system of the building envelope. 1.4 This practice covers the installation process from pre-installation procedures through post-installation procedures, for single units or factory-mulled multiple units in a single opening. It does not cover the fabrication or assembly of multiple units, whether such fabrication takes place in a factory or at the intended installation site. The installer should check with the manufacturer of factory-assembled units for instructions for anchoring. When using field-mulled units, follow manufacturer's recommendations and make certain that they meet applicable codes. This practice does not cover the selection of appropriate fenestration products for a given application, nor the selection of other products or systems for use in the installation. 1.5 This practice provides minimum requirements that will help to accomplish the installation of fenestration products in an effective manner. Actual conditions in buildings vary greatly and, in some cases, substantial additional precautions may be required. In the event that the manufacturer's installation instructions provided with the product conflict with requirements of this practice, the manufacturer's instructions shall prevail. This practice is not intended to limit or exclude other new procedures that may refine or further improve the effectiveness of fenestration installation. 1.5.1 This practice is intended to be used for background information in order to develop training manuals and training programs. Further, this practice attempts to consolidate and unify the various steps of construction, tying together the various trades involved with the continuity between fenestration products and the building envelope. 1.6 The text of this practice references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this practice. 1.7 This standard has not been created to address all issues related to every possible installation situation one might experience in the field. Furthermore, this practice does not purport to provide fail-safe installation methods, assurance or protection against installation deficiencies, or a standard by which architects can specify or ensure delivered performance. Note 1: There are no ISO standards covering the primary subject matter of this practice. 1.8 Design Professional— This practice is not intended to limit the role and authority of a registered design professional to select a method of installation or to change, modify, or develop other methods of installation to meet the specific requirements of a building project for a particular location. A design professional retains the authority to prepare construction documents indicating window/door/skylight installations integrated with the water-resistive barrier (WRB). 1.9 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.10 This practice does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 5 , Related Procedures. Where a lead hazard is known or suspected, refer to ASTM Standards on Lead Hazards Associated with Buildings and to applicable state and federal regulations. Where an asbestos hazard is known or suspected, refer to the ASTM Manual on Asbestos Control , and to applicable state and federal regulations. 1.11 Table of Contents: Section Scope 1 Table of Contents 1.11 Referenced Documents 2 Terminology 3 Definitions 3.1 Description of Terms Specific to this Standard 3.2 Abbreviations 3.3 Significance and Use 4 Related Issues and Procedures 5 Continuity with the Weather Barrier Systems 5.1 Joints and Anchorages 5.2 Moisture Entrapment 5.3 Water-Resistive Barrier 5.4 Weatherability 5.5 Construction Sequence 5.6 Construction Damage 5.7 Inspection 5.8 Rough Opening 5.9 Rough Opening Size 5.9.1 Insulating or Filling the Rough Opening Gap 5.9.2 Materials Protection 5.10 Cleaning and Maintenance 5.11 Dissimilar Materials 5.12 Flashing Requirements 5.13 Fastening Systems/Anchorage 5.14 Shimming 5.15 Pan Flashing Systems and Subsills for Weatherability 5.16 Pre-Installation Procedures 5.17 Sealants—Selection and Use 5.18 Window Cleaner Anchors and Related Safety Hardware 5.19 Continuity Between the Fenestration Products and Other Components of the Building Envelope 6 Water Shedding Strategies of Wall and Roof Systems 7 Concept of Surface Barrier Systems and Membrane/Drainage Systems 7.1 Surface Barrier Systems 7.1.1 Membrane/Drainage Systems 7.1.2 Identification of Systems 7.2 Installation Methods For Windows 8 Windows in Walls Utilizing a Membrane/Drainage System 8.1 Windows with Perimeter Mounting Flanges (Nail Fins) in Drainage Type Wall Construction 8.1.1 Flange Types 8.1.1.1 Selection of Installation Method 8.1.1.2 Method A 8.1.1.3.1 Method B 8.1.1.3.2 Method A1 8.1.1.3.3 Method B1 8.1.1.3.4 Non-Finned Windows in Membrane/Drainage Type Walls 8.1.2 Windows in Walls Utilizing a Barrier Wall System (Sealant Method) 8.2 Windows in Walls Utilizing an Exterior Barrier System (EIFS or Direct Applied) 8.3 Alternative Approved Installation Methods for the Installation of Windows 8.4 Extreme Wind/Water Conditions 8.4.1 Membrane Drainage Wood Frame Construction 8.4.1.1 Masonry Construction with Surface Barrier Stucco Facade 8.4.1.2 Special Considerations 8.5 Aluminum Framed Windows 8.5.1 Vinyl Framed Windows 8.5.2 Replacement Window Installation 8.6 Partial Window Replacement for Existing Integral Flange Windows 8.6.1 Partial Replacement of Mill Shop Wood Windows 8.6.2 “Mill Shop” Wood Windows (Vertical or Horizontal Sliding) 8.6.2.1 Complete Window Replacement 8.6.3 Destructive Window Replacement (Fin Type) 8.6.3.1 Non-Destructive Window Replacement (Non-Fin Type) 8.6.3.2 Installation Methods for Doors 9 Doors in Walls Utilizing a Membrane/Drainage System 9.1 Doors with Perimeter Mounting Flanges (Nailing Fins) in Drainage Type Wall Construction 9.1.1 Flange Types 9.1.1.1 Selection of Installation Method 9.1.1.2 Method A 9.1.1.4.1 Method B 9.1.1.4.2 Method A1 9.1.1.4.3 Method B1 9.1.1.4.4 Hinged Swing (Non-finned) Doors in Membrane/ Drainage Type Walls 9.1.2 Installation Methods for Skylights 10 Product Types 10.1 Flashing Procedures 10.2 Aluminum/Copper Sheet Flashing 10.3 Aluminum/Copper Step Flashing (Fabricated or Engineered) 10.4 Membrane Flashing 10.5 Post-Installation Procedures 11 Keywords 12 Air Barrier Foam Sealant Used in the Rough Opening Gap Annex A1 Emergency Escape and Rescue Requirements Annex A2 Minimum Height Requirements for Interior Height of Pan Flashing Annex A3 Sealants Annex A4 Window/Door Flashing Types Appendix X1 Cautions for Installation Appendix X2 Other Referenced Installation Guides Appendix X3 Alternate Installation Methods Appendix X4 Air Leakage Sealing of Interior Perimeter Rough Opening (Air & Water Seal) Appendix X5 1.12 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 This practice recognizes that the effective performance of installed fenestration products is dependent in part upon following proper installation procedures and appropriate workmanship. 4.2 This practice recognizes that the coordination of trades and proper sequencing are essential for effective fenestration installation. The general contractor shall be responsible for the necessary coordination of trades and proper construction sequencing of the installed fenestration product. 4.3 Improper installation of units contributes to excessive air, water and sound leakage, and condensation. It may promote the deterioration of wall constructions, insulation, fenestration products, and their respective finishes. 4.4 This practice presumes a working knowledge of applicable federal, state, and local codes and regulations, specifically, but not limited to required means of egress, requirements for safety glazing materials, and structural requirements of applicable codes. 4.5 This practice presumes a working knowledge of the tools, equipment, and methods necessary for the installation of specified fenestration products. It further assumes familiarity with flashing and sealing, glazing procedures, finishes where applicable, and an understanding of the fundamentals of construction that affect the installation of these units. 4.6 This practice presumes that the products that have been furnished for the installation and their locations within the structure comply with all the applicable building codes and regulations.