1.1 本指南为具有有限微生物背景的人员提供了对慢性微生物污染的症状、发生和后果的了解。该指南还提出了检测和控制汽轮机油和汽轮机油系统中微生物污染的方法。本指南主要适用于涡轮润滑油（请参阅规范 D4293年 和 第4304页 )以及涡轮机油系统。然而，本文讨论的原理通常也适用于粘度＜100的润滑油 毫米 2. /s（例如，请参见规范 第6158页 )。 1.2 本指南重点介绍涡轮系统和涡轮机油微生物学。尽管涡轮机系统（例如，燃气和蒸汽驱动的涡轮机； 发电和推进；等）作为微生物群落的生态系统 – 除了温度 – 这些差异在很大程度上是无关紧要的。环境温度通常相似。循环涡轮机油温度通常>40 °C。然而，一般来说，所有可能形成自由水积聚的系统都具有本指南中考虑的特性。 1.2.1、 蒸汽轮机，以及更大程度上的水轮机，持续暴露在进水中。需要进行尽职调查，以确保密封件和轴承处于良好状态，防止进水或有利于生物降解的条件。然而，由于冷凝水积聚的风险，所有设备在长时间关闭时都可能变得容易受到影响。 1.3 本指南补充了能源研究所关于检测、控制和缓解发电设施所用石油和燃料中微生物生长的指南( 2.2 )。能源研究所的指导文件提供了比本指南中提供的概述更详细的信息。 1.4 汽轮机油系统中的微生物污染与燃料系统中的细菌污染具有共同特征（参见指南 D6469 )。然而，也存在相关差异。尽管流体的化学性质不同，但本指南在很大程度上借鉴了 D6469 但强调了汽轮机油和汽轮机油系统的生物退化和微生物污染的独特方面。 1.5 本指南不是微生物学家使用的所有概念和术语的汇编。 它提供了涡轮机油和涡轮机油系统中微生物污染和生物降解的基本解释。 1.6 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准。 1.7 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.8 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 本指南提供了有关导致汽轮机油微生物污染和生物降解的条件、控制微生物污染的一般特征和策略的信息。它补充并放大了实践中提供的信息 第4378页 和 第6224页 润滑油的状态监测。 5.2 本指南侧重于汽轮机油和发电汽轮机油系统中的微生物污染。汽轮机油和润滑系统中不受控制的微生物污染仍然是发电系统中一个基本上未被认识但潜在成本高昂的问题。 5.2.1 汽轮机油和系统生物退化的例子包括但不限于: 5.2.1.1条 过滤器堵塞， 5.2.1.2条 油路和节流孔结垢， 5.2.1.3条 油的酸度增加， 5.2.1.4条 石油腐蚀性增加， 5.2.1.5条 油添加剂损耗， 5.2.1.6条 水乳化， 5.2.1.7条 润滑性损失，以及 5.2.1.8条 氧化稳定性降低，污泥生成增加。 5.3 本指南介绍了汽轮机油微生物学和生物降解控制的基本概念。 5.4 本指南为负责汽轮机油系统管理的人员提供了必要的背景知识，以便就其产品或系统中微生物污染可能产生的经济或安全影响或两者兼而有之做出明智的决定。

1.1 This guide provides personnel who have a limited microbiological background with an understanding of the symptoms, occurrence, and consequences of chronic microbial contamination. The guide also suggests means for detection and control of microbial contamination in turbine oils and turbine oil systems. This guide applies primarily to turbine lubricants (see Specifications D4293 and D4304 ) and turbine oil systems. However, the principles discussed herein also apply generally to lubricating oils with viscosities <100 mm 2 /s (for example, see Specification D6158 ). 1.2 This guide focuses on turbine system and turbine oil microbiology. Despite considerable differences in turbine systems (for example, gas and steam driven turbines; power generation and propulsion; etc.) as ecosystems for microbial communities – with the exception of temperature – these differences are largely irrelevant. Ambient temperatures are typically similar. Recirculating turbine oil temperatures are commonly >40 °C. However, generally speaking, all systems in which accumulations of free water can develop, share properties that are considered in this guide. 1.2.1 Steam turbines, and to a greater extent hydro turbines, are continuously exposed to water ingression. Diligence is needed to ensure seals and bearings are in good condition to prevent water ingression or conditions that are conducive to biodeterioration. However, due to the risk of the accumulation of condensation, all equipment can become susceptible when shut down for extended periods. 1.3 This guide complements Energy Institute’s Guidelines on detecting, controlling, and mitigating microbial growth in oils and fuels used at power generation facilities ( 2.2 ). The Energy Institute’s guidance document provides greater detail than the overview provided in this guide. 1.4 Microbial contamination in turbine oil systems shares common features with microbial contamination in fuel systems (See Guide D6469 ). However, there are also relevant differences. Although the chemistry of the fluids is different, this Guide draws heavily on D6469 but highlights unique aspects of turbine oil and turbine oil system biodeterioration and microbial contamination. 1.5 This guide is not a compilation of all of the concepts and terminology used by microbiologists. It provides basic explanations of microbial contamination and biodeterioration in turbine oils and turbine oil systems. 1.6 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 This guide provides information addressing the conditions that lead to turbine oil microbial contamination and biodeterioration, the general characteristics of and strategies for controlling microbial contamination. It compliments and amplifies information provided in Practices D4378 and D6224 on condition monitoring of lubricating oils. 5.2 This guide focuses on microbial contamination in turbine oils and power generation turbine oil systems. Uncontrolled microbial contamination in turbine oils and lubrication systems remains a largely unrecognized but potentially costly problem in power generation systems. 5.2.1 Examples of turbine oil and system biodeterioration include, but are not limited to: 5.2.1.1 Filter plugging, 5.2.1.2 Oil line and orifice fouling, 5.2.1.3 Increased oil acidity, 5.2.1.4 Increased oil corrosivity, 5.2.1.5 Oil additive depletion, 5.2.1.6 Water emulsification, 5.2.1.7 Lubricity loss, and 5.2.1.8 Decreased oxidative stability and increased sludge generation. 5.3 This guide introduces the fundamental concepts of turbine oil microbiology and biodeterioration control. 5.4 This guide provides personnel who are responsible for turbine oil system stewardship with the background necessary to make informed decisions regarding the possible economic or safety, or both, impact of microbial contamination in their products or systems.