1.1 本指南为具有有限微生物背景的人员提供了对慢性微生物污染的症状、发生和后果的了解。该指南还提出了检测和控制燃料和燃料系统中微生物污染的方法。本指南主要适用于汽油、航空、锅炉、工业燃气轮机、柴油、船用、熔炉燃料和混合燃料（见规范 D396 , D910 , D975 , D1655 , 2069年2月 , D2880 , D3699 , D4814 , D6227 和 D6751 )和燃料系统。然而，本文所讨论的原理通常也适用于原油和所有液体石油燃料。ASTM手册47 2. 对本指南中介绍的概念进行了更详细的介绍；它还提供了本文引用的所有标准的汇编，这些标准在 ASTM标准年鉴 ，关于石油产品和润滑油的第五节。 1.2 本指南并不是微生物学家使用的所有概念和术语的汇编，但它确实提供了对微生物燃料污染的一般理解。 1.3 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.4 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.5 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 本指南提供了有关导致燃料微生物污染和生物降解的条件以及控制微生物污染的一般特征和策略的信息。它补充并放大了实践中提供的信息 D4418 关于处理燃气轮机燃料。更详细的信息可在《液体燃料微生物含量调查指南》和《避免和补救策略实施指南》中找到，3 rd 预计起飞时间。， 10 ASTM手册47和Passman，2019。 11 5.2 本指南侧重于精炼石油产品和产品处理系统中的微生物污染。在石油工业的各个阶段，从原油生产到船队运营和消费者使用，燃料和燃料系统中不受控制的微生物污染在很大程度上仍然是一个未被认识但代价高昂的问题。 本指南介绍了燃料微生物学和生物降解控制的基本概念。 5.3 本指南为负责燃料和燃料系统管理的人员提供了必要的背景知识，以便就其产品或系统中微生物污染可能产生的经济或安全影响或两者兼有做出明智的决定。

1.1 This guide provides personnel who have a limited microbiological background with an understanding of the symptoms, occurrence, and consequences of chronic microbial contamination. The guide also suggests means for detection and control of microbial contamination in fuels and fuel systems. This guide applies primarily to gasoline, aviation, boiler, industrial gas turbine, diesel, marine, furnace fuels and blend stocks (see Specifications D396 , D910 , D975 , D1655 , D2069 , D2880 , D3699 , D4814 , D6227 , and D6751 ), and fuel systems. However, the principles discussed herein also apply generally to crude oil and all liquid petroleum fuels. ASTM Manual 47 2 provides a more detailed treatment of the concepts introduced in this guide; it also provides a compilation of all of the standards referenced herein that are not found in the Annual Book of ASTM Standards , Section Five on Petroleum Products and Lubricants. 1.2 This guide is not a compilation of all of the concepts and terminology used by microbiologists, but it does provide a general understanding of microbial fuel contamination. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 This guide provides information addressing the conditions that lead to fuel microbial contamination and biodegradation and the general characteristics of and strategies for controlling microbial contamination. It compliments and amplifies information provided in Practice D4418 on handling gas-turbine fuels. More detailed information may be found in Guidelines for the Investigation of Microbial Content of Liquid Fuels and for the Implementation of Avoidance and Remedial Strategies, 3 rd Ed., 10 ASTM Manual 47, and Passman, 2019. 11 5.2 This guide focuses on microbial contamination in refined petroleum products and product handling systems. Uncontrolled microbial contamination in fuels and fuel systems remains a largely unrecognized but costly problem at all stages of the petroleum industry from crude oil production through fleet operations and consumer use. This guide introduces the fundamental concepts of fuel microbiology and biodeterioration control. 5.3 This guide provides personnel who are responsible for fuel and fuel system stewardship with the background necessary to make informed decisions regarding the possible economic or safety, or both, impact of microbial contamination in their products or systems.