1.1 本试验方法包括使用蒸馏和燃烧离子色谱法测定原油中的有机氯（大于1μg/g有机结合氯）。 1.2 该试验方法包括在氯化物测定前蒸馏原油试样以获得石脑油馏分。由此可以获得整个原油的石脑油馏分的氯化物含量。参见第节 6. 关于潜在干扰。 1.3 试验程序包括通过燃烧离子色谱法测定原油洗涤石脑油馏分中的有机氯化物。可以测定其他卤化物，但不包括在测试方法的精度声明中。 1.4 以国际单位表示的值应视为标准值。 优选的浓度单位为每克样品的氯化物微克。 1.4.1 例外情况- 括号中给出的值仅供参考。 1.5 警告- 汞已被许多监管机构指定为一种可能导致严重医疗问题的有害物质。汞或其蒸气已被证明对健康有害，对材料具有腐蚀性。处理汞和含汞产品时要小心。有关更多信息，请参阅适用的产品安全数据表（SDS）。地方或国家法律可能禁止销售汞或含汞产品，或两者兼而有之。用户必须确定其所在地销售的合法性。 1.6 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。 本标准的使用者有责任在使用前建立适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.7 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 =====意义和用途====== 5.1 有机氯化物不是天然存在于原油中的。如果存在，它们是由某种方式的污染造成的，例如处理许多脱蜡管道或其他设备操作中使用的氯化溶剂。 5.1.1 未经污染的原油将不含可检测的有机氯化物，大多数炼油厂可以处理极少量而不会产生有害影响。 5.1.1.1 大多数贸易合同规定原油中不存在有机氯化物。 5.1.2 根据石脑油产量为20 % 原始样品的。 5.1.2.1 为确保原油中有机氯化物小于1μg/g，石脑油馏分中测得的有机氯化物含量应小于1/ f （其中 f 是石脑油馏分，用 等式1 ). 例如，含有1μg/g有机氯化物的原油样品 % 石脑油的产率将产生含有10μg/g有机氯化物的石脑油。 此外，含有1μg/g有机氯化物但含有40 % 石脑油的产率将产生含有2.5μg/g有机氯化物的石脑油。由于石脑油产量的差异，对炼油操作的影响可能有很大的不同。 5.1.2.2 由于世界各地的原油矿床显示出不同的石脑油产量，因此该方法的检测范围应很宽，石脑油馏分中可能高达50μg/g。 5.1.3 原油中存在的有机氯化物（例如二氯甲烷、全氯乙烯等）通常被蒸馏成石脑油馏分。有些化合物在分馏过程中分解，产生盐酸，具有腐蚀作用。一些化合物在分馏后仍然存在，并在加氢过程中被破坏- 处理（石脑油的脱硫）。 5.2 其他卤化物也可用于原油脱蜡；在这种情况下，任何有机卤化物都会对精炼操作产生与有机氯化物类似的影响。 5.3 有机氯化物对炼油工艺有潜在危害。盐酸可以在加氢处理或重整反应器中生产，酸会在炼油厂的冷凝区积聚。意外浓度的有机氯化物无法有效中和，可能会造成损坏。有机氯化物不存在于原油中，通常来自生产现场、管道或储罐的清洁作业。重要的是，石油工业应采用通用方法来测定原油中的有机氯化物，尤其是在涉及转移保管的情况下。

1.1 This test method covers the determination of organic chloride (above 1 μg/g organically-bound chlorine) in crude oils, using distillation and combustion ion chromatography. 1.2 This test method involves the distillation of crude oil test specimens to obtain a naphtha fraction prior to chloride determination. The chloride content of the naphtha fraction of the whole crude oil can thereby be obtained. See Section 6 regarding potential interferences. 1.3 The test procedure covers the determination of organic chloride in the washed naphtha fraction of crude oil by combustion ion chromatography. Other halides can be determined but are not included in the precision statement of the test method. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The preferred concentration units are micrograms of chloride per gram of sample. 1.4.1 Exception— The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.5 Warning— Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 Organic chlorides do not occur naturally in crude oil. When present, they result from contamination in some manner, such as disposal of chlorinated solvent used in many dewaxing pipeline or other equipment operations. 5.1.1 Uncontaminated crude oil will contain no detectable organic chloride, and most refineries can handle very small amounts without deleterious effects. 5.1.1.1 Most trade contracts specify that no organic chloride is present in the crude oil. 5.1.2 Several pipelines have set specification limits less than 1 μg/g organic chlorides in the whole crude, and less than 5 μg/g in the light naphtha, based on the yield of naphtha being 20 % of the original sample. 5.1.2.1 To ensure less than 1 μg/g organic chloride in the crude oil, the amount measured in the naphtha fraction shall be less than 1/ f (where f is the naphtha fraction calculated with Eq 1 ). For example, a crude oil sample with 1 μg/g of organic chloride but a 10 % yield of naphtha would create a naphtha containing 10 μg/g organic chloride. Further, a crude containing 1 μg/g of organic chloride but a 40 % yield of naphtha would create a naphtha containing 2.5 μg/g organic chloride. Due to the difference in naphtha yields, the impact on refining operations can be significantly different. 5.1.2.2 Since crude oil deposits worldwide exhibit different yields of naphtha, the working range of detection for this method shall cover a broad range, possibly as high as 50 μg/g in a naphtha fraction. 5.1.3 Organic chloride present in the crude oil (for example, methylene chloride, perchloroethylene, etc.) is usually distilled into the naphtha fraction. Some compounds break down during fractionation and produce hydrochloric acid, which has a corrosive effect. Some compounds survive fractionation and are destroyed during hydro-treating (desulfurization of the naphtha). 5.2 Other halides can also be used for dewaxing crude oil; in such cases, any organic halides will have similar impact on the refining operations as the organic chlorides. 5.3 Organic chloride species are potentially damaging to refinery processes. Hydrochloric acid can be produced in hydro- treating or reforming reactors and the acid accumulates in condensing regions of the refinery. Unexpected concentrations of organic chlorides cannot be effectively neutralized and damage can result. Organic chlorides are not known to be naturally present in crude oils and usually result from cleaning operations at producing sites, pipelines, or tanks. It is important for the oil industry to have common methods available for the determination of organic chlorides in crude oil, particularly when transfer of custody is involved.