本文讨论了纽约卫生部（DOH）制定和实施水源评估计划（SWAP）计划的基本原理。卫生部在交换计划的制定过程中广泛征求公众参与，并开始建立项目伙伴关系。全部门办法的总体目的是评估与特定公共饮用水源有关的公共卫生潜在威胁，从而深入了解水源管理和保护需求。这些对公共卫生的威胁可能是自然的，也可能是人为的。由于潜在污染物的数量和类型因位置不同而不同，因此所有水域的自然保护程度各不相同。了解公共供水对污染的威胁和障碍，有助于制定切实有效的水源保护计划。

This paper discusses the rationale behind the New York Department of Health's (DOH) development and implementation of the Source Water Assessment Program (SWAP) plan. The DOH solicited wide-ranging public participation and began forming program partnerships during the development of the SWAP plan. The overall purpose of the SWAP is to evaluate potential threats to public health associated with particular public drinking water sources, and thereby provide insight into source water management and protection needs. These threats to public health can be both natural and anthropogenic in origin. All waters vary in the degree to which they are naturally protected from contamination, as the amounts and types of potential contaminants vary by location. An understanding of both a public water supply's threats of, and barriers to, contamination allows for the development of a realistic and effective source water protection plan.