1.1 本规程涵盖了规范中定义的涡轮机润滑油混合物的兼容性 D4304 . 这些方法比较了特定混合物在特定条件下储存后的性能与纯油的性能。 1.2 这些方法分为四层测试类型: 1.2.1 第1层- 视觉外观 1.2.2 第2层- 界面性质 1.2.3 第3层- 物理和化学性质 1.2.4 第4层- 特定性能属性 1.3 这些方法可用于评估新的（未使用的）润滑剂兼容性，或评估向润滑油中添加新的（未使用的）润滑剂的效果- 系统中的维修润滑剂。 1.4 本规程不评估润滑剂混合物在使用过程中的耐磨特性、承载能力或机械剪切稳定性。如果要评估耐磨性（AW）、极压（EP）或剪切稳定性，可能需要对这些参数进行进一步测试。 1.5 使用Tier 1和Tier 2测试协议评估两种成分油的混合物。通过应用第3层或第4层的测试，继续进行顺序或并发测试，直到测试请求者或用户确信已满足本实践的意图。 如果任何混合物未能通过该方法，则该方法认为油不相容。如果所有混合物都通过了这些方法，则认为这些油与这些方法相容。建议仅通过Tier 1不能充分测试流体相容性。 1.6 如果混合物通过Tier 1，则表明两种机油仅在视觉上相容。如果混合物通过Tier 1和Tier 2，则表明两种机油在外观和界面上是相容的。如果混合物通过Tier 1、2和3，则表明两种油在外观、界面、物理和化学上是相容的。 如果混合物通过Tier 1、2、3、4，则表明两种机油符合最高置信水平。测试每一层液位可以让用户更加确信这两种流体是相容的。 1.7 本规程仅适用于具有适合通过建议的试验方法进行评估的特性的润滑油。如果特定测试方法的范围将测试限制在指定特性范围内的油，则该测试方法无法测试该范围外的油的兼容性。 1.8 本规程可用于评估不同类型和等级油的兼容性。然而，其目的不是评估此类混合物的润滑性能。在这些情况下，建议用户咨询供应商。 1.9 本规程并未涵盖所有可采用的试验方法。 1.10 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。国际单位制后括号中给出的值仅供参考，不被视为标准值。 1.11 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.12 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 油的兼容性对于油润滑设备的用户来说很重要。两种油的混合可以产生一种明显低于其任何一种成分的物质。可能发生以下一种或多种情况: 5.1.1 不相容油的混合物通常形成沉淀物。沉淀物将在润滑系统、堵塞过滤器和油道中形成不必要的沉积物。 5.1.2 不相容油的混合物有时会表现出某些性能参数的退化，如抗乳化性、泡沫抑制氧化稳定性、防锈能力或抗磨保护能力。 5.1.3 不相容油的混合物有时会表现出基础油彼此不相容。 5.1.4 这种不兼容可能导致灾难性的设备故障。 5.2 为了尽量减少这些问题的发生，润滑剂供应商建议在混合之前评估不同配方和来源的润滑油的兼容性。设备用户通常没有资源来评估油的兼容性，必须依赖其供应商。 在不首先确定兼容性的情况下混合油是一种非常轻率的做法。 5.3 尽管新汽轮机油可能兼容，但同一类型的在用机油可能会被降解或污染，以至于添加的新机油可能与系统油不兼容。在役机油与新添加机油的兼容性应根据具体情况进行评估。 5.4 同一类型的不同机油的抗氧化性可能差异很大，如果不进行氧化性能测试，兼容性并不意味着具有同等的性能。

1.1 This practice covers the compatibility of mixtures of turbine lubricating oils as defined by Specification D4304 . The methods compare properties of specific mixtures with those of the neat oils after storage at specified conditions. 1.2 The methods are grouped into four tiers of testing types: 1.2.1 Tier 1— Visual appearance 1.2.2 Tier 2— Interfacial properties 1.2.3 Tier 3— Physical and chemical properties 1.2.4 Tier 4— Specific performance properties 1.3 The methods can be used to evaluate new (unused) lubricant compatibility or the effects of adding new (unused) lubricant to in-service lubricant in the system. 1.4 This practice does not evaluate the wear prevention characteristics, load carrying capacity, or the mechanical shear stability of lubricants mixtures while in service. If anti-wear (AW), extreme pressure (EP), or shear stability are to be evaluated, further testing of these parameters may be required. 1.5 Mixtures of the two constituent oils are evaluated using the Tier 1 and Tier 2 testing protocol. Sequential or concurrent testing is continued by applying tests from Tier 3 or Tier 4 until the test requestor or user is satisfied that the intent of this practice has been met. If any mixture fails the methods, the oils are considered incompatible by that method. If all mixtures pass the methods, the oils are considered compatible by those methods. It is recommended that passing only Tier 1 does not adequately test for fluid compatibility. 1.6 If the mixture passes Tier 1, it shows two oils are visually compatible only. If the mixture passes Tier 1 and 2, it shows two oils are visually and interfacially compatible. If the mixture passes Tier 1, 2 and 3, it shows two oils are visually, interfacially, physically, and chemically compatible. If the mixture passes Tier 1, 2, 3, 4, it shows two oils are compatible with the highest confidence level. Testing each tier level is giving the user more confidence that the two fluids are compatible. 1.7 This practice applies only to lubricating oils having characteristics suitable for evaluation by the suggested test methods. If the scope of a specific test method limits testing to those oils within a specified range of properties, oils outside that range cannot be tested for compatibility by that test method. 1.8 This practice may be used to evaluate the compatibility of different types and grades of oil. However, it is not intended to evaluate such mixtures for lubrication performance. The user is advised to consult with suppliers in these situations. 1.9 This practice does not purport to cover all test methods that could be employed. 1.10 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.11 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.12 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 The compatibility of oils can be important for users of oil-lubricated equipment. Mixing of two oils can produce a substance markedly inferior to either of its constituent materials. One or more of the following can occur: 5.1.1 A mixture of incompatible oils most often forms a precipitate. The precipitate will form unwanted deposits in the lubrication system, plug filters, and oil passageways. 5.1.2 A mixture of incompatible oils will sometimes exhibit degradation of certain performance parameters like demulsibility, foam inhibition oxidation stability, rust protection ability, or antiwear protection ability. 5.1.3 A mixture of incompatible oils will sometimes exhibit non-miscibility of the base oils with each other. 5.1.4 Such incompatibilities can lead to catastrophic equipment failures. 5.2 To minimize the chances of these problems occurring, lubricant suppliers recommend evaluating compatibility of lubricating oil of different formulations and sources prior to mixing. Equipment users most often do not have the resources to evaluate oil compatibility and must rely on their suppliers. Mixing of oils without first determining the compatibility is a highly imprudent practice. 5.3 Although new turbine oils may be compatible, in-service oil of the same type may be degraded or contaminated to such an extent that the new oil added may not be compatible with the system oil. In-service oil compatibility with new oil additions should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. 5.4 The oxidation resistance of different oils of the same type can vary widely, and compatibility does not imply equivalent performance without oxidation performance testing.