1.1 该术语是E30法医科学委员会使用的所有术语的汇编。 1.1.1 该术语主要由法医学和法医实践特有的定义组成。在法医实践之外使用的相同术语的含义可以在其他通用汇编或词典中找到。 1.1.2 负责每个术语的特定E30小组委员会（SC）是定义后方括号内注明的第一个归属。术语出现的标准名称在小组委员会之后给出。未经委员会E30章程批准，不得更改条目的措辞。 本汇编的用户还应查看任何SC术语标准，了解这些术语的更多细节或解释，以及SC对这些术语的使用。 1.2 该术语是管理委员会术语的工具。这包括发现、消除和防止冗余，其中两个或多个与同一概念相关的术语用不同的词定义。 1.3 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如果有的话）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前建立适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.4 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 =====意义和用途====== 3.1 这些术语适用于法医实践。 3.1.1 对于ASTM国际标准，标准名称后面是破折号和粗体两位数的年份名称，例如， E2161 –19.引用年份是指引用条目的标准的发布年份，不一定是标准的当前发布年份。 3.1.2 ASTM国际标准以外的引用可能包括缩写和标准编号，后面是粗体四位数的年份名称，例如ISO 9000:2015。引用年份指的是引用条目的标准的发布年份。这样的标准也可以通过名称后跟年份名称来引用， 2020年IUPAC金书 ( 1. ) . 5. 缩略语详见“第2节列出了除委员会E30标准外的其他标准中的所有术语。” 3.1.3 对于仅附有参考的条目，例如ISO 9000:2015或 E456 –17，读者可以假设该条目是从参考文献中准确复制的，除了ASTM国际格式惯例外，没有任何修改。 对于来自已知来源的略微修改版本的条目，参考引文为“基于……的定义”。“by”后面是来源名称和条目被采用或修改的年份。括号中的黑体数字表示术语末尾的参考文献列表。 3.1.4 对于教科书中的条目，条目后面的参考文献包括文本的名称或标题、作者、版本（如适用）以及出版年份或版权。 3.1.5 一个条目可以有一个术语的定义和一个引用，定义后的讨论有不同的引用。 3.1.6 引用自 梅里亚姆- 韦氏在线词典 ( 2. ) 包括从在线词典中检索到的日期以及引用术语和定义的URL。 3.1.7 每个定义后面都有方括号内所示的E30小组委员会负责人的指定；例如[E30.11]。

1.1 This terminology is the compilation of all terms used by Committee E30 on Forensic Sciences. 1.1.1 This terminology consists mostly of definitions that are specific to forensic science and forensic practice. Meanings of the same terms used outside of forensic practice can be found in other compilations or dictionaries of general usage. 1.1.2 The specific E30 subcommittee (SC) that has responsibility for each term is the first attribution noted, in square brackets, after the definition. The designation of the standard(s) in which the terms appear is given after the subcommittee. The wording of an entry cannot be changed without approval per the Committee E30 Bylaws. Users of this compilation should also review any SC terminology standard for more details or interpretations of these terms and their use by the SC. 1.2 This terminology is a tool for managing the committee’s terminology. This includes finding, eliminating, and preventing redundancies in which two or more terms relating the same concept are defined in different words. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 3.1 These terms have application to forensic practice. 3.1.1 For ASTM International standards, the standard designation is followed by a dash and a two-digit year designation in bold type, for example, E2161 – 19. The year citation references the year of publication of the standard from which the entry is taken, not necessarily the current year of publication of the standard. 3.1.2 Citations from other than ASTM International standards may include an abbreviation and the standard number followed by a four-digit year designation in bold type, for example, ISO 9000:2015. The year citation references the year of publication of the standard from which the entry is taken. Such standards may also be referenced by a name followed by a year designation, for example, IUPAC Gold Book 2020 ( 1 ) . 5 Abbreviations are detailed under, “All terms sourced from other standards than Committee E30 standards are listed in Section 2.” 3.1.3 For entries followed simply by a reference, for example, ISO 9000:2015 or E456 – 17, the reader can assume that the entry is accurately copied from the reference with no modifications except for ASTM International format conventions. For entries that are slightly modified versions of something from a known source, reference citations read, “Based upon definition by…” Following the “by” is the source name and year that the entry was taken or modified. The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of the terminology. 3.1.4 For entries from textbooks, a reference following the entry has the name or title of the text, author(s), edition (if applicable), and the year of publication or copyright. 3.1.5 An entry could have a definition of a term with one reference, and the discussion following the definition has a different reference. 3.1.6 Citations from Merriam-Webster’s Online Dictionary ( 2 ) include the date retrieved from the online dictionary and the URL of the cited term and definition. 3.1.7 Each definition is followed by the designation of the E30 subcommittee responsible shown in square brackets; for example, [E30.11].