1.1 本指南可用于确定室外-室内降噪（OINR），即在没有结构的情况下室外自由场声级与室内产生的声压级之间的声压级差。扬声器、现有交通噪声或飞机噪声均可作为声源。必须描述室外声场的几何形状，计算必须考虑室外声级的测量方式。这些结果与分类一起使用 E1332 计算单编号额定室外-室内噪声隔离等级，OINIC。OINR和OINIC都会随着室外声入射角的变化而变化。 1.2 在受控的情况下，如果单个立面暴露于室外声音，或立面元素（如门或窗）的传输损耗比立面的其余部分低得多，则室外- 室内传输损耗OITL（θ）或室外视在传输损耗AOITL（θ）可使用扬声器源测量。这些结果是声场入射角的函数。通过测量多角度入射的声音，可以获得两个房间之间测量的扩散场传输损耗的近似值。结果可用于预测装置中的内部声级，与暴露在室外声场（与测量过程中使用的声场类似）时的测试声级类似。使用AOITL（θ）的视在室外室内传输等级AOITC（θ）和使用OITL（θ）的野外室外室内传输等级FOITC（θ）的单数额定值可以使用分类计算 E1332 . 这些额定值也可以使用在多个入射角下进行的接收室声压测量获得的数据进行计算，如中所述 8.6 . 1.3 为了应对现场遇到的各种室外入射声场几何形状，提出了六种测试技术。这些技术及其普遍适用性总结于 表1 和 无花果。1- 6. . 宣布接受测试的房间、立面或立面构件称为样本。 图1 几何校准源方法 图2 几何近似平均法 图3 几何体冲洗方法 图4 几何等效距离法 图5 几何形状-2米（79英寸）位置方法 图6 几何和公式线源冲洗法 1.4 本标准的文本引用了提供解释材料的注释和脚注。这些注释和脚注（不包括表和图中的注释和脚注）不应视为本标准的要求。 1.5 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.6 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.7 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 本指南的最佳用途是在特定入射角下测量OINR和AOITL（θ）或OITL（θ）。通过在多个扬声器声入射角下测量AOITL（θ）或OITL（θ），在计算结果之前对接收室声级进行能量平均，近似于用测试方法测量的漫射场结果 E90 和 E336页 可以获得。 5.2 交通噪声法仅用于OINR测量，最适用于特定位置样本的OINR暴露于现有交通噪声源的情况。 5.3 由所述方法产生的OINR、AOITL（θ）和OITL（θ）将不对应于通过测试方法测量的传输损耗和噪声降低 E90 和 E336页 因为室外存在不同的入射声场 ( 1. ) 4. . 所有这些结果都是声音入射角的函数，原因有二。 5.3.1 透射损耗受到重合效应的强烈影响，其中以角度θ入射的声音的频率和投影波长与面板中相同频率的弯曲波的波长重合 ( 2. , 3. , 4. , 5. ) . 该频率和最小传输损耗角（最大透明度）均取决于试样板刚度、阻尼和面积质量。在实验室的漫射场测试中，影响是漫射场平均符合频率的一个弱点，该频率取决于材料和厚度，对于干壁和玻璃试样，通常在2500 Hz左右。 厚木板（如门和砖墙）的重合频率较低，而薄钢板的重合频率较高。对于仅来自一个方向的自由场声音，重合频率随入射角而变化，并将与漫射场值不同 ( 5. ) . 在掠射附近或掠射时（θ接近90°），其频率将远低于漫射场( E90 和 E336页 )值，并且当θ为30°或更小时，随着θ的减小而增加，大大高于漫射场频率。 5.3.2 与漫射场相比，声反射比受来自特定角度的自由场声音入射角的影响。这是因为当声音没有垂直入射到表面时，穿过样品表面S的自由场声音强度降低了cos（θ）。 此外，当音量 L 仅从一个方向以自由场的形式到达，垂直于表面，该方向上产生的声强是相同级别漫射场声强的4倍， L . 这些因子由cos（θ）和6 dB项反映在 等式6 . 5.3.3 根据试验方法，本指南中的方法不应替代实验室试验 E90 . 5.4 在所引用的三种测量扬声器室外声场的方法中，校准扬声器法和冲洗法最具重复性。仅当校准扬声器和冲洗方法都不可行时，才使用近似方法。 5.5 侧翼传输或异常现场条件可能导致OITL（θ）的确定困难或无意义。 其中，辅助测试如 附件A1 不能满足，只有OINR和AOITL（θ）有效。 5.6 当一个房间有多个表面暴露于室外声音时，与所有表面暴露于测试声音时相比，仅使用一个表面暴露于测试声音的测试将产生更大的OINR。当未暴露表面的OITC至少比暴露表面的OITC大10时，差异可以忽略不计。

1.1 This guide may be used to determine the outdoor-indoor noise reduction (OINR), which is the difference in sound pressure level between the free-field level outdoors in the absence of the structure and the resulting sound pressure level in a room. Either a loudspeaker or existing traffic noise or aircraft noise can be used as the source. The outdoor sound field geometry must be described and calculations must account for the way the outdoor level is measured. These results are used with Classification E1332 to calculate the single number rating outdoor-indoor noise isolation class, OINIC. Both OINR and OINIC can vary with outdoor sound incidence angle. 1.2 Under controlled circumstances where a single façade is exposed to the outdoor sound, or a façade element such as a door or window has much lower transmission loss than the rest of the façade, an outdoor-indoor transmission loss, OITL(θ), or apparent outdoor-indoor transmission loss, AOITL(θ), may be measured using a loudspeaker source. These results are a function of the angle of incidence of the sound field. By measuring with sound incident at many angles, an approximation to the diffuse field transmission loss as measured between two rooms can be obtained. The results may be used to predict interior sound levels in installations similar to that tested when exposed to an outdoor sound field similar to that used during the measurement. The single number ratings of apparent outdoor-indoor transmission class, AOITC(θ), using AOITL(θ) and field outdoor-indoor transmission class, FOITC(θ), using OITL(θ) may be calculated using Classification E1332 . These ratings also may be calculated with the data obtained from receiving room sound pressure measurements performed at several incidence angles as discussed in 8.6 . 1.3 To cope with the variety of outdoor incident sound field geometries that are encountered in the field, six testing techniques are presented. These techniques and their general applicability are summarized in Table 1 and Figs. 1- 6 . The room, façade, or façade element declared to be under test is referred to as the specimen. FIG. 1 Geometry—Calibrated Source Method FIG. 2 Geometry—Nearby Average Method FIG. 3 Geometry—Flush Method FIG. 4 Geometry—Equivalent Distance Method FIG. 5 Geometry—2 m (79 in.) Position Method FIG. 6 Geometry and Formulas—Line Source Flush Method 1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 The best uses of this guide are to measure the OINR and the AOITL(θ) or OITL(θ) at specific angles of incidence. By measuring the AOITL(θ) or OITL(θ) at several loudspeaker sound incidence angles, by energy-averaging the receiving room sound levels before computing results, an approximation of the diffuse field results measured with Test Methods E90 and E336 may be obtained. 5.2 The traffic noise method is to be used only for OINR measurements and is most suitable for situations where the OINR of a specimen at a specific location is exposed to an existing traffic noise source. 5.3 The OINR, AOITL(θ), and OITL(θ) produced by the methods described will not correspond to the transmission loss and noise reduction measured by Test Methods E90 and E336 because of the different incident sound fields that exist in the outdoors ( 1 ) 4 . All of these results are a function of the angle of incidence of the sound for two reasons. 5.3.1 The transmission loss is strongly influenced by the coincidence effect where the frequency and projected wavelength of sound incident at angle, θ, coincides with the wavelength of a bending wave of the same frequency in the panel ( 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ) . This frequency and the angle of least transmission loss (greatest transparency) both depend on specimen panel stiffness, damping and area mass. In diffuse-field testing as in the laboratory, the effect is a weakness at the diffuse field average coincidence frequency that is dependent on material and thickness, often seen around the frequency of 2500 Hz for drywall and glass specimens. Thick wood panels, such as doors, and masonry wall exhibit lower coincident frequencies while thinner sheet steel exhibits higher coincidence frequencies. For free field sound coming from one direction only, the coincidence frequency varies with incidence angle and will differ from the diffuse-field value ( 5 ) . Near or at grazing (θ close to 90°) it will be much lower in frequency than the diffuse field ( E90 and E336 ) value, and will increase with reducing θ to be considerably above the diffuse-field frequency when θ is 30° or less. 5.3.2 The OINR is influenced by the angle of incidence of free field sound coming from a specific angle as compared to a diffuse field. This is because the intensity of free field sound incident across the specimen surface S is reduced by cos(θ) when the sound is not incident normal to the surface. Additionally, when the sound of level L arrives as a free-field from one direction only, and that is normal to the surface, the resulting sound intensity in this direction is 4 times that due to diffuse-field sound of the same level, L . These factors are reflected by the cos(θ) and 6 dB terms in Eq 6 . 5.3.3 The methods in this guide should not be used as a substitute for laboratory testing in accordance with Test Method E90 . 5.4 Of the three methods cited for measuring the outdoor sound field from a loudspeaker, the calibrated loudspeaker and flush methods are most repeatable. The near method is used only when neither the calibrated speaker nor the flush method are feasible. 5.5 Flanking transmission or unusual field conditions could render the determination of OITL(θ) difficult or meaningless. Where the auxiliary tests described in Annex A1 cannot be satisfied, only the OINR and the AOITL(θ) are valid. 5.6 When a room has multiple surfaces exposed to outdoor sound, testing with just one surface exposed to test sound will result in a greater OINR than when all surfaces are exposed to test sound. The difference is negligible when the OITC of the unexposed surface is at least 10 greater than the OITC of the exposed surface.