本文件给出了表面化学分析前生物材料样本的处理、安装和表面处理方法的指南。它旨在帮助分析员了解通过以下技术进行分析所需的特殊样本处理条件: -？X射线光电子能谱（XPS或ESCA）； -？二次离子质谱（SIMS）； -俄歇电子能谱（AES）。 本协议还适用于对表面成分敏感的其他分析技术，例如: -？衰减总反射率-傅里叶变换红外光谱（ATR）- FTIR）； -？全反射X射线荧光（TXRF）； -？紫外光电子能谱（UPS）。 本文讨论了真空条件的影响、分析和植入前后的污染问题，以及分析过程中与污染有关的问题。这里介绍的生物材料包括金属、陶瓷、支架和聚合物等软硬样本。 本文件不包括细胞、组织和活生物体等有生命的生物材料。本文件未涉及的其他相关主题包括:电子或光学显微镜标本的制备。

This document gives guidance on methods of handling, mounting and surface treatment for a biomaterial specimen prior to surface chemical analysis. It is intended for the analyst as an aid in understanding the specialized specimen-handling conditions required for analyses by the following techniques: —？X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS or ESCA); —？secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS); —？Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). The protocols presented are also applicable to other analytical techniques that are sensitive to surface composition, such as: —？attenuated total reflectance -Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR); —？total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF); —？ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS). The influence of vacuum conditions applied and the issue of contamination before and after analysis and implantation, as well as issues related to contamination during analysis, are addressed. Biomaterials covered here are hard and soft specimens such as metals, ceramics, scaffolds and polymers. This document does not cover such viable biological materials as cells, tissues and living organisms. Other related topics not covered in this document include: preparation of specimens for electron or light microscopy.