高氯酸盐（ClO₄ ^-）是一种已知的内分泌干扰物，可抑制大脑的正常功能 甲状腺是一种可能的致癌物。由于这些健康问题和 加州卫生服务部（California Department of Health Services）设定了饮用水源中的高氯酸盐含量 饮用水中高氯酸盐的作用水平为4 ug/l。使用固定床进行生物处理 生物膜反应器，如生物活性炭（BAC）过滤器，已被证明是一种有效的方法 有效且经济的去除高氯酸盐的方法。通过添加一个电子 供体，如醋酸盐，现有的颗粒活性炭（GAC）床可以改造 将高氯酸盐去除至4 ug/l以下。根据原水特性，甚至可能 可以使用天然有机溶剂将高氯酸盐去除到该水平以下 原水中作为电子供体存在的物质（NOM）（Lin等人，2002年）。BAC过滤器 含有附着在GAC表面的生物膜。 这些生物膜由 主要含有高氯酸盐还原菌（PRB）和 其他异养细菌。PRB无处不在（Coates等人，1999年），并且 使用高氯酸盐还原酶和亚氯酸盐歧化酶进行高氯酸盐，如 Rikken等人（1996年）。当氧气存在时，大多数PRB使用氧气作为电子 接受者。当氧气水平降低时，他们转而使用高氯酸盐作为电子受体 价格很低。因此，溶解氧（DO）浓度的控制对生产非常重要 高氯酸盐的成功还原。 尽管生物高氯酸盐还原的微生物方面已经相对成熟 经过充分研究（Chaudhuri等人，2002年），尚未制定一般设计和操作标准 为BAC过滤器建立。本文的主要目的是提供一个框架 可用于预测BAC反应器在不同进水DO下的行为模式 浓度和加载速率。 这些信息可以用来开发更好的产品 BAC过滤器的设计和操作指南。 包括9个参考文献、图表。

Perchlorate (ClO₄ ^-) is a known endocrine disruptor that inhibits the normal function of the thyroid gland and is a possible carcinogen. Due to these health concerns and the presence of perchlorate in drinking water sources, the California Department of Health Services set the action level for perchlorate in drinking water at 4 ug/l. Biological treatment using fixed bed biofilm reactors, such as Biological Activated Carbon (BAC) filters, has proven to be an effective and economical method for the removal of perchlorate. By adding an electron donor, such as acetate, an existing granular activated carbon (GAC) bed can be retrofitted to remove perchlorate to below 4 ug/l. Depending on raw water characteristics, it may even be possible to achieve perchlorate removal to below this level using the natural organic matter (NOM) present in the raw water as the electron donor (Lin et al., 2002). BAC filters contain biofilms that are growing attached to the surfaces of GAC. These biofilms consist of mixed communities, which contain mainly perchlorate reducing bacteria (PRB) and other heterotrophic bacteria. PRB are ubiquitous (Coates et al., 1999) and remove perchlorate using perchlorate reductase and chlorite dismutase enzymes as described by Rikken et al (1996). When oxygen is present, most PRB use oxygen as their electron acceptor. They switch to using perchlorate as their electron acceptor when oxygen levels are very low. Therefore, control of the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration is important for the successful reduction of perchlorate. Although the microbial aspects of biological perchlorate reduction have been relatively well studied (Chaudhuri et al., 2002), no general design and operational criteria have been established for BAC filters. The main objective of this paper is to provide a framework that can be used to predict the patterns of BAC reactor behavior under varying influent DO concentrations and loading rates. This information can then be used to develop better design and operational guidelines for BAC filters. Includes 9 references, figures.