1.1 这些试验方法包括使用水填充衬砌试坑来确定土壤和岩石材料的就地密度，以确定试坑的体积。在这些试验方法中使用“岩石”一词意味着被测材料通常只包含大于3英寸的颗粒。[75毫米]。 1.2 这些试验方法最适用于体积约为3到100英尺的试坑 3. [0.08和3米 3. ]. 一般来说，测试材料的最大粒径超过5英寸。[125毫米]。如果需要，这些试验方法可用于较大尺寸的开挖。 1.2.1 该程序通常使用内径为3英尺[0]的圆形金属模板执行。 9米]或以上。如果其他形状或材料满足这些试验方法的要求和中给出的指南，则可以使用其他形状或材料 附件A1 用于测试坑的最小体积。 1.2.2 试验方法 D4914 可作为替代方法。然而，其使用通常仅适用于约1到6英尺之间的试坑体积测定 3. [0.03和0.2米 3. ]. 1.2.3 试验方法 D1556 或试验方法 D2167 通常用于确定小于1英尺的测试孔的体积 3. [0.03米 3. ]. 1.3 这两个过程描述如下: 1.3.1 程序A- 现场密度和总材料密度（截面 12 ). 1.3.2 程序B- 就地密度和对照组分密度（第 13 ). 1.4 程序选择: 1.4.1 当要确定总材料的就地密度时，使用程序A。当被测原位材料中的最大粒径不超过实验室压实试验（试验方法）中允许的最大粒径时，程序A也可用于确定压实百分比或相对密度百分比 D698 , D1557 , D4253 , D4254 和 D7382 ). 对于试验方法 D698 和 D1557 只有在实验室压实试验中确定的密度可以根据实践的限制进行较大粒径的校正 D4718 . 1.4.2 当要确定压实百分比或相对密度百分比，且现场材料包含的颗粒大于上述实验室压实试验方法中允许的最大粒径时，或实际操作时，使用程序B D4718 不适用于实验室压实试验方法。然后，材料被视为由两个部分组成。根据指定的筛分尺寸，从现场密度测试中获得的材料在物理上分为对照组分和超大组分。计算对照组分的密度，并与实验室压实试验方法确定的密度进行比较。 1.4.3 通常，对于粘性或非自由排水材料，控制分数为-4号[4.75-mm]筛孔材料和-3-in。无粘性、自由排水材料的[75 mm]筛孔材料。而其他尺寸可用于控制分数，例如 3. / 8. , 3. / 4. -在中。[9.5，19 mm]，这些试验方法仅使用4号[4.75-mm]和3-in。[75 mm]筛网尺寸，以确保清晰度。 1.5 任何土壤和岩石材料都可以进行测试，前提是测试材料具有足够的凝聚力或颗粒吸引力，以在试坑开挖期间和完成该测试期间保持稳定的侧壁。 它还应足够坚固，不会因挖洞和注水时施加的较小压力而变形或脱落。 1.6 这些试验方法通常仅限于地下水位以上不饱和或部分饱和条件下的材料，不建议用于软质或易碎（易破碎）或水分条件下的材料，以便水渗入开挖孔。在进行试验时，如果材料在孔附近站立或行走，很容易变形或在开挖孔内发生体积变化，则可能会影响试验的准确性。 1.7 单位- 以英寸为单位的数值- 磅单位或国际单位[括号内]应单独视为标准单位。每个系统中规定的值可能不是精确的等效值；因此，每个系统应相互独立使用。将两个系统的值合并可能会导致不符合标准。 1.7.1 在处理英寸磅单位时，使用英寸磅单位的重力系统。在这个系统中，磅（lbf）表示力（重量）的单位，而质量的单位是段塞。未给出缓动单元，除非是动态的( F=ma )涉及计算。 1.7.2 在工程专业中，习惯做法是交替使用表示质量和力的单位，除非进行动态计算( F=ma )都有牵连。这隐含地结合了两个独立的单位系统，即绝对系统和重力系统。在一个标准中结合使用两个单独的系统在科学上是不可取的。这些测试方法使用英寸-磅单位（绝对系统）编写，其中磅（lbm）表示质量单位；然而，在SI系统中给出了转换。使用天平或天平记录磅重（lbf），或记录密度（lbf/ft） 3. 不应视为不符合本标准。 1.8 所有观察值和计算值应符合实践中确定的有效数字和舍入准则 D6026 ，除非被本试验方法取代。 1.8.1 本标准中用于规定如何收集、记录或计算数据的程序被视为行业标准。此外，它们代表了通常应保留的有效数字。使用的程序不考虑材料变化、获取数据的目的、特殊目的研究或用户目标的任何考虑因素；通常的做法是增加或减少报告数据的有效位数，以与这些考虑因素相称。考虑工程数据分析方法中使用的有效数字超出了本标准的范围。 1.9 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 有关具体的危险说明，请参阅第节 9 . 1.10 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 这些试验方法可用于确定土堤、道路填料和结构回填施工中压实土壤和岩石材料的现场密度。对于施工控制，试验方法可作为验收压实至规定密度或标准实验室压实试验方法（如根据试验方法确定）确定的最大密度百分比的材料的依据 D698 或 D1557 ，受中讨论的限制 1.4 . 5.2 这些试验方法可用于确定天然土壤沉积物、骨料、土壤混合物或其他类似材料的就地密度。 注1: 这些试验方法产生的结果的质量取决于执行这些方法的人员的能力以及所用设备和设施的适用性。符合实践标准的机构 D3740 通常认为能够胜任和客观的测试/采样/检查等。这些测试方法的用户应注意遵守实践 D3740 本身并不能保证可靠的结果。可靠的结果取决于许多因素；实践 D3740 提供了一种评估其中一些因素的方法。

1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the in-place density of soil and rock materials using water to fill a lined test pit to determine the volume of the test pit. The use of the word “rock” in these test methods is used to imply that the material being tested will typically only contain particles larger than 3 in. [75 mm]. 1.2 These test methods are best suited for test pits with a volume between approximately 3 and 100 ft 3 [0.08 and 3 m 3 ]. In general, the materials tested would have maximum particle sizes over 5 in. [125 mm]. These test methods may be used for larger sized excavations if desirable. 1.2.1 This procedure is usually performed using circular metal templates with inside diameters of 3 ft [0.9 m] or more. Other shapes or materials may be used providing they meet the requirements of these test methods and the guidelines given in Annex A1 for the minimum volume of the test pit. 1.2.2 Test Method D4914 may be used as an alternative method. Its use, however, is usually only practical for volume determination of test pits between approximately 1 and 6 ft 3 [0.03 and 0.2 m 3 ]. 1.2.3 Test Method D1556 or Test Method D2167 is usually used to determine the volume of test holes smaller than 1 ft 3 [0.03 m 3 ]. 1.3 The two procedures are described as follows: 1.3.1 Procedure A— In-Place Density and Density of Total Material (Section 12 ). 1.3.2 Procedure B— In-Place Density and Density of Control Fraction (Section 13 ). 1.4 Selection of Procedure: 1.4.1 Procedure A is used when the in-place density of the total material is to be determined. Procedure A can also be used to determine percent compaction or percent relative density when the maximum particle size present in the in-place material being tested does not exceed the maximum particle size allowed in the laboratory compaction test (Test Methods D698 , D1557 , D4253 , D4254 , and D7382 ). For Test Methods D698 and D1557 only, the density determined in the laboratory compaction test may be corrected for larger particle sizes in accordance with, and subject to the limitations of, Practice D4718 . 1.4.2 Procedure B is used when percent compaction or percent relative density is to be determined and the in-place material contains particles larger than the maximum particle size allowed in the laboratory compaction test methods previously described or when Practice D4718 is not applicable for the laboratory compaction test method. Then, the material is considered to consist of two fractions, or portions. The material obtained from the in-place density test is physically divided into a control fraction and an oversize fraction based on a designated sieve size. The density of the control fraction is calculated and compared with the density(ies) established by the laboratory compaction test method(s). 1.4.3 Often, the control fraction is the minus No. 4 [4.75-mm] sieve size material for cohesive or nonfree-draining materials and the minus 3-in. [75-mm] sieve size material for cohesionless, free-draining materials. While other sizes may be used for the control fraction such as 3 / 8 , 3 / 4 -in. [9.5, 19-mm], these test methods have been prepared using only the No. 4 [4.75-mm] and the 3-in. [75-mm] sieve sizes for clarity. 1.5 Any soil and rock material can be tested, provided that the material being tested has sufficient cohesion or particle attraction to maintain stable side walls during excavation of the test pit and through completion of this test. It should also be firm enough not to deform or slough due to the minor pressures exerted while digging the hole and filling it with water. 1.6 These test methods are generally limited to material in an unsaturated or partially saturated condition above the ground water table and is not recommended for materials that are soft or friable (crumble easily) or in a moisture condition such that water seeps into the excavated hole. The accuracy of the test may be affected for materials that deform easily or that may undergo volume change in the excavated hole from standing or walking near the hole while performing the test. 1.7 Units— The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units [presented in brackets] are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.7.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs. The slug unit is not given, unless dynamic ( F = ma ) calculations are involved. 1.7.2 In the engineering profession, it is customary practice to use, interchangeably, units representing both mass and force, unless dynamic calculations ( F = ma ) are involved. This implicitly combines two separate systems of units, that is, the absolute system and the gravimetric system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate systems within a single standard. These test methods have been written using inch-pound units (absolute system) where the pound (lbm) represents a unit of mass; however, conversions are given in the SI system. The use of balances or scales recording pounds of weight (lbf), or the recording of density in lbf/ft 3 should not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard. 1.8 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026 , unless superseded by this test method. 1.8.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected, recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering data. 1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see Section 9 . 1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 These test methods can be used to determine the in-place density of compacted soil and rock materials in construction of earth embankments, road fills, and structure backfill. For construction control, the test methods can be used as the basis for acceptance of material compacted to a specified density or to a percentage of a maximum density determined by a standard laboratory compaction test method such as determined from Test Methods D698 or D1557 , subject to the limitations discussed in 1.4 . 5.2 These test methods can be used to determine in-place density of natural soil deposits, aggregates, soil mixtures, or other similar material. Note 1: The quality of the result produced by these test methods are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing them and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of these test methods are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.