1.1 这种做法 2. 介绍了处理现代高压锅炉和涡轮机运行中遇到的特定杂质含量不断下降的测量所需的高纯度水样的概念。本规程还涵盖了与高纯度水样分析相关的空白处理。提出的技术可以帮助研究者提高分析的准确性。 1.2 本规程适用于来自“零固体处理”直流或鼓式锅炉、反应堆冷却剂水、电子级水或任何其他工艺水的水和蒸汽样品，其中分析物浓度在低十亿分之一（微克/升）范围内。 1.3 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.4 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全和健康实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 具体危害说明见 6.2.3.5 , 6.1 和 6.3.7 . ====意义和用途====== 4.1 高纯水中痕量杂质的测定（约为十亿分之一）对分析系统的各个方面都提出了极高的要求。 当人们对钠和氯化物等无处不在的物种感兴趣时，尤其如此，因为它们几乎可以在分析过程的每一个步骤中作为污染物引入。在样本采集、样本储存过程中（通过不适当清洁容器的浸出）、样本转移过程中、通过移液管、注射器等进行处理，以及在受污染试剂、样本池和回路系统的实际分析过程中，都可能发生污染。也有可能通过挥发或沉淀、扩散到容器材料基质中以及通过流动现象在取样管线壁上“电镀”而从样品中损失微量污染物。 4.2 严格遵守给定的程序对于在痕量分析水平上获得良好结果是必要的，因为程序执行中的微小差异将影响精度，纳克量分析物的添加或丢失可能会影响测定的准确性。

1.1 This practice 2 covers concepts for handling high purity water samples needed for the measurement of ever-decreasing levels of specified impurities that are encountered in the operation of modern high-pressure boilers and turbines. The handling of blanks associated with the analysis of high purity water samples is also covered by this practice. The techniques presented can help the investigator increase the accuracy of analyses performed. 1.2 This practice is applicable to water and steam samples from “zero solids treated” once-through or drum-type boilers, reactor coolant water, electronic grade water, or any other process water where analyte concentrations are in the low parts per billion (micrograms per litre) range. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in 6.2.3.5 , 6.1 , and 6.3.7 . ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 The determination of trace impurities (on the order of parts per billion) in high purity water places extreme requirements on all aspects of the analytical system. This is particularly true when ubiquitous species such as sodium and chloride are of interest because they can potentially be introduced as contaminants at almost every step of an analytical procedure. Contamination can occur during sample collection, during sample storage by leaching of improperly cleaned containers, during sample transfer, and by handling with pipets, syringes, etc., and during the actual analysis by contaminated reagents and sample cells and loop systems. It is also possible that trace contaminants can be lost from samples by volatilization or precipitation, by diffusion into the matrix of the container material, and by “plating out” on the walls of sampling lines by flow phenomena. 4.2 Strict adherence to a given procedure is necessary to achieve good results at trace levels of analysis because very small differences in procedure execution will affect precision and the addition or loss of nanogram amounts of analyte may affect the accuracy of a determination.