1.1 本术语标准包括法医学中使用的术语的定义。 1.2 法律和科学术语以及在其他现成来源中得到充分理解或定义的常用术语可能不包括在内，除非词典显示了多个定义，并且似乎需要指明建议用于法医学的定义。 1.3 A节定义了法医学多个领域通用的术语，而后续章节定义了与特定法医学领域相关的术语，如下所示: A节:一般（通用）法医学术语 A节中定义的术语由小组委员会E30.92“术语”直接负责。 B节:犯罪 B节中定义的术语由小组委员会E30.01“刑事犯罪”直接负责。 B1节:缉获毒品分析术语 B2节:枪弹残留物（GSR）分析和无烟粉末分析术语 B3节:油漆分析术语 B4节:纺织品、纤维、绳索和胶带检验术语 第B5节:玻璃检验术语 C节:数字和多媒体证据 C节中定义的术语由E30.12数字和多媒体证据小组委员会直接负责。 第C1节:计算机取证术语 第C2节:数字图像处理和多媒体证据审查术语 第C3节:磁卡读卡器检查术语 第C4节:面部图像检查术语 D节:跨学科 D节中定义的术语由跨学科法医学标准E30.11小组委员会直接负责。 E节:质疑文件 E节中定义的术语以前由E30.02小组委员会直接负责，目前由E30.90小组委员会执行委员会直接负责。 1.4 B-E节中列出的条目仅反映了E30委员会标准每年一次审查之日的现行E30委员会标准中的条目。该日期后对标准或条目的更改将在下一年的审查日期后出现在B-E节中。 1.5 本标准中定义的术语的字母表如所示 附录X1 ，它还标识了定义每个术语的部分。 1.6 与另一标准制定组织或ASTM委员会发布的定义相同的定义用该组织或识别文件和ASTM委员会名称的缩写标识；例如，ASME是美国机械工程师协会。 1.7 在某些情况下，人们注意到一个术语在不同领域的不同用法。 1.8 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 3.1 这些术语特别适用于法医学。此外，在制定这一术语时，使用了定义来源的层次结构。层次结构如下: 韦伯斯特新学院第七字典 ; 技术词典；和 ASTM标准定义汇编 ( 1. ) . 10 在发现层次结构中的所有来源都不足之后，小组委员会制定了一个合适的定义。

1.1 This terminology standard includes definitions of terms used in the forensic sciences. 1.2 Legal and scientific and terms in common use that are generally understood or defined adequately in other readily available sources may not be included, except when dictionaries show multiple definitions and it seems desirable to indicate the definitions recommended for forensic science use. 1.3 Section A defines terms that are common to multiple areas of forensic science, whereas, the subsequent sections define terms pertaining to specific forensic science areas, as follows: Section A: General (Common) Forensic Science Terms The terms defined in Section A are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.92, Terminology. Section B: Criminalistics The terms defined in Section B are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.01, Criminalistics. Section B1: Terms for Seized Drug Analysis Section B2: Terms for Gunshot Residue (GSR) Analysis and Smokeless Powder Analysis Section B3: Terms for Paint Analysis Section B4: Terms for Textile, Fiber, Cord, and Tape Examination Section B5: Terms for Glass Examination Section C: Digital and Multimedia Evidence The terms defined in Section C are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.12, Digital and Multimedia Evidence. Section C1: Terms for Computer Forensics Section C2: Terms for Digital Image Processing and Multimedia Evidence Examination Section C3: Terms for Magnetic Card Reader Examination Section C4: Terms for Facial Image Examination Section D: Interdisciplinary The terms defined in Section D are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.11, Interdisciplinary Forensic Science Standards. Section E: Questioned Documents The terms defined in Section E were formerly the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.02, Questioned Documents, and are currently the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.90, Executive Committee. 1.4 Entries listed in Sections B–E reflect only those existing in Committee E30 standards current with the date of a once yearly review of Committee E30 standards. Changes to standards or entries following this date will appear in Sections B–E after the following year’s review date. 1.5 An alphabetical list of the terms defined in this standard is given in Appendix X1 , which also identifies the section(s) in which each term is defined. 1.6 Definitions identical to those published by another standards-developing organization or ASTM committee are identified with the abbreviation of the name of the organization or the identifying document and ASTM committee; for example, ASME is the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. 1.7 In some cases different usage of a term in different fields has been noted. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 3.1 These terms have particular application to the forensic sciences. In addition, a hierarchy of sources of definitions were used in the development of this terminology. The hierarchy is as follows: Webster’s New Collegiate 7th Dictionary ; technical dictionaries; and the Compilation of ASTM Standard Definitions ( 1 ) . 10 The subcommittee developed a suitable definition after all of the sources in the hierarchy were found wanting.