ISO 15243:2004定义、描述和分类了滚动轴承在使用中的特性、外观变化和可能的故障原因。它将有助于理解各种形式的外观变化和已发生的故障。 考虑的范围仅限于外观和故障的特征变化形式，这些变化和故障具有明确的外观，并且可以高度确定地归因于特定原因。描述了用于解释更改和故障的特别有趣的特征。照片和图表显示了各种形式，并指出了最常见的原因。 建议一般使用子条款标题中显示的故障模式名称，但标题下方括号内给出了类似的表达式或同义词。 给出了滚动轴承故障的例子，并描述了故障原因和建议的纠正措施。

ISO 15243:2004 defines, describes and classifies the characteristics, changes in appearance and possible causes of failure of rolling bearings, occurring in service. It will assist in the understanding of the various forms of change in appearance and the failure that has occurred. Consideration is restricted to characteristic forms of change in appearance and failure, which have a well-defined appearance and which can be attributed to particular causes with a high degree of certainty. The features of particular interest for explaining changes and failures are described. The various forms are illustrated with photographs and diagrams, and the most frequent causes are indicated. The failure mode designations shown in the subclause titles are recommended for general use, but similar expressions or synonyms are given within parentheses below the titles. Examples of rolling bearing failures are given, together with a description of the causes of failure and proposed corrective actions.