1.1 该火灾测试响应标准提供了一种测量质量损失和可燃性的方法，用于筛选目的，从暴露于受控水平的辐射加热，有或没有外部点火器的基本上平面的材料、产品或组件（包括表面饰面）。该检测方法仅用于筛选目的。 1.2 从该测试方法获得的主要火灾测试响应特性是与测试样品的质量损失相关的特性，作为时间的函数。还确定持续燃烧的时间。热释放任选地使用中详述的热电堆测量来确定 附件A2 . 1.2.1 从该试验中获得的火灾试验响应特性最好用于在成分或结构上具有一些相似性的材料之间进行比较。1.3 质量损失和热释放之间的关系取决于测试的材料、产品或组件，并且不存在使用质量损失测量计算热释放的通用公式（另请参见中的其他限制 5.7 ). 1.4 从该试验方法获得的火灾试验响应特性也可以用试验方法中使用的设备获得 E1354 （锥形量热计）或该设备的应用标准（另见 5.4 ).参考的测试方法允许测量附加的火灾测试响应特性。 1.5 通过该测试方法获得的火灾测试响应特性是特定于被测试的样本、被测试的形式和厚度的，并且不是材料、产品或组件的固有特性。 1.6 这个火试-响应法不提供本试验方法规定以外的火灾条件下试样的火灾性能信息。有关该测试方法的其他限制，请参见 5.7 . 1.7 在裁判决策中使用SI单位系统；见 IEEE/ASTM SI-10 括号内的单位仅供参考。 1.8 本标准用于测量和描述材料、产品或组件在受控条件下对热和火焰的响应，但其本身并不包括在实际火灾条件下对材料、产品或组件进行火灾危险或火灾风险评估所需的所有因素。 1.9 火灾测试本质上是危险的。在进行这些试验时，应对人员和财产采取充分的安全措施。另见第节 7 . 1.10 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全性问题（如果有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前建立适当的安全、健康和环境实践并确定法规限制的适用性。 1.11 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ======意义和用途====== 5.1 该测试方法提供了一种筛选材料、产品或组件的质量损失和在规定的热通量暴露条件下表现出的可燃性的方法。作为一种选择，该测试方法也适用于通过使用热电堆方法来筛选释放的热量（参见 附件A2 ). 5.1.1 术语 E176 《火灾标准》指出，火灾试验响应特性包括易燃性和质量损失（均在本试验方法中测量），以及火焰蔓延、烟雾产生、耐火性和烟雾的毒性。 5.1.2 材料、产品或组件的质量损失率是一种火灾测试响应特性，可以指示其燃烧速率。因此，较低的质量损失率通常与较慢的燃烧相关联。然而，请注意，质量损失并不总是燃烧的结果，并且该方法不评估烟雾或燃烧产物的释放。 5.1.3 材料、产品或组件的点火时间是火灾-测试响应特性，指示其在施加的热通量水平下点燃并随后释放热量并在其表面上传播火焰的倾向。因此，较长的点火时间表明材料、产品或组件卷入并有助于火灾蔓延或增长的倾向较低；然而，该方法不评估释放的烟雾或燃烧产物。 5.1.4 用于本试验方法的设备适用于通过评估不同热通量下的可燃性来评估被试验材料、产品或组件的点火临界热通量（参见 附录X3 以供指导）。 5.2 本试验确定的值是特定于受试形式和厚度的试样的，不是受试材料、产品或组件的固有基本特性。因此，当对给定的材料、产品或组件进行测试时，在引入诸如样品厚度或密度的特性的变化时，不能期望从该测试方法获得非常可重复或可再现的实验结果。 5.3 本试验方法中未规定入射辐照度。该仪器能够产生高达100 kW/m的辐照度 2 辐照度的选择是待测试材料、产品或组件的应用以及用户正在调查的火灾场景的函数。然而，该方法不适用于低于10kW/m的入射辐照度 3 （见 5.7.3 ). 5.4 用于可选地测量热释放的方法，热电堆，不如在锥形量热计测试方法中使用的常规耗氧量热法准确 E1354 在其应用标准中，如测试方法 E1474 和 E1740 或中等规模或大规模量热测试方法，如测试方法 E1623 , E1537 , E1590 或 D5537 （另见 附件A2 ).另一方面，热电堆法由于其简单，包括测试方法，已被广泛使用 E906/E906M 以及指南中讨论的其他应用 E603 . 6 5.5 复合材料和尺寸不稳定材料的测试需要特殊程序（见 8.4和 8.5 ). 5.6 使用该测试方法在垂直方向进行测试是可行的，但不推荐，因为它已被证明有可能导致点火时间的严重测量误差。 5.7 限制 5.7.1 不存在计算作为质量损失函数的热释放的通用公式。如果需要热释放数据，校准曲线必须由用户开发，并且它们特定于被测试的材料、产品或组件。 5.7.2 如果在三个重复测试样本中的一个或多个测试期间，出现以下任何异常行为: (1) 熔融材料溢出试样夹槽， (2) 将测试样本的一个或多个部分从受控辐照度区强制移位(爆炸剥落)；或 (3) 测试样本在点火前充分膨胀以接触火花塞或在燃烧期间膨胀至加热器基座的平面；测试无效。然后在发生异常行为的测试模式下测试相同的预处理测试样本的附加样本。不要在平均数据中纳入从上述测试中获得的数据（产生不充分的结果），但要报告发生情况。如果测试的六个测试样本中超过三个显示出任何上述特征，则该测试方法不合适。 5.7.3 该试验方法对阴燃点火的适用性尚未得到证实。本试验方法不适用于低于10 kW/m的入射辐照度 2 . 5.7.4 这种测试方法的结果对于特定场景的有效性取决于进行测试的条件。特别地，已经确定使用不同的辐照度将改变相对结果。 5.7.5 如果使用热电堆读数，如果火焰延伸到热电堆，则很可能不能反映燃烧样品的热输出。 5.8 在该程序中，样品经受一组或多组特定的实验室测试条件。如果替代了不同的试验条件或改变了最终使用条件，则并不总是能够通过或从该试验方法预测所测量的火灾试验响应特性的变化。因此，结果仅对本程序中描述的火灾试验暴露条件有效。 附注1: 本声明是所有火灾试验响应标准的要求 E535 .

1.1 This fire-test-response standard provides a means of measuring mass loss and ignitability, for screening purposes, from essentially planar materials, products, or assemblies (including surface finishes), exposed to controlled levels of radiant heating, with or without an external ignitor. This test method is intended for screening purposes only. 1.2 The principal fire-test-response characteristics obtained from this test method are those associated with mass loss from the specimens tested, as a function of time. Time to sustained flaming is also determined. Heat release is, optionally, determined using thermopile measurements detailed in Annex A2 . 1.2.1 The fire-test-response characteristics obtained from this test are best used for comparisons between materials with some similarities in composition or structure. 1.3 The relationship between mass loss and heat release depends on the material, product, or assembly tested, and no universal formula exists for calculation of heat release using mass loss measurements (see also additional limitations in 5.7 ). 1.4 The fire-test-response characteristics obtained from this test method are also obtainable with the apparatus used in Test Method E1354 (the cone calorimeter) or in an applications standards of that equipment (see also 5.4 ). The referenced test methods permit measurements of added fire-test-response characteristics. 1.5 The fire-test-response characteristics obtained by this test method are specific to the specimen tested, in the form and thickness tested, and are not an inherent property of the material, product, or assembly. 1.6 This fire-test-response method does not provide information on the fire performance of the test specimens under fire conditions other than those conditions specified in this test method. For additional limitations of this test method, see 5.7 . 1.7 Use the SI system of units in referee decisions; see IEEE/ASTM SI-10 . The units given in parentheses are for information only. 1.8 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. 1.9 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests. See also Section 7 . 1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 This test method provides a means for screening materials, products, or assemblies, for the mass loss, and ignitability they exhibit under specified heat flux exposure conditions. As an option, the test method is also suitable for screening for the heat released, by using a thermopile method (See Annex A2 ). 5.1.1 Terminology E176 , on fire standards, states that fire-test-response characteristics include ease of ignition and mass loss (both measured in this test method), as well as flame spread, smoke generation, fire endurance, and toxic potency of smoke. 5.1.2 The mass loss rate of a material, product, or assembly is a fire-test-response characteristic that gives an indication of its burning rate. Thus, a lower mass loss rate is often associated with slower burning. Note, however, that mass loss is not always a result of combustion, and that this method does not assess release of smoke or combustion products. 5.1.3 The time to ignition of a material, product, or assembly is a fire-test-response characteristic that gives an indication of its propensity to ignite at the applied heat flux level and subsequently to release heat and spread flame over its surface. Thus, a longer time to ignition is an indication of a lower propensity for the material, product, or assembly to become involved and contribute to fire spread or growth; however this method does not assess the smoke or combustion products released. 5.1.4 The apparatus used for this test method is suitable to assess the critical heat flux for ignition of the materials, products, or assemblies tested, by assessing ignitability at various heat fluxes (see Appendix X3 for guidance). 5.2 Values determined by this test are specific to the specimen in the form and thickness tested and are not inherent fundamental properties of the material, product, or assembly tested. Thus, closely repeatable or reproducible experimental results are not to be expected from this test method when tests are conducted for a given material, product, or assembly, while introducing variations in properties such as specimen thickness or density. 5.3 No incident irradiance is specified in this test method. The instrument is capable of generating irradiances ranging up to 100 kW/m 2 . The choice of irradiance is a function of the application of the material, product, or assembly to be tested, and of the fire scenario the user is investigating. However, the method is not suitable for incident irradiances below 10 kW/m 3 (see 5.7.3 ). 5.4 The method used for optionally measuring heat release, a thermopile, is not as accurate as the conventional oxygen consumption calorimetry method, used in the cone calorimeter, Test Method E1354 , in its applications standards, such as Test Method E1474 and E1740 , or in intermediate scale or a large scale calorimetry test methods, such as Test Methods E1623 , E1537 , E1590 or D5537 (see also Annex A2 ). On the other hand the thermopile method of assessing heat release has been used extensively because of its simplicity, including Test Method E906/E906M , and other applications discussed in Guide E603 . 6 5.5 Testing of composites and dimensionally unstable materials requires special procedures (see 8.4 and 8.5 ). 5.6 Testing in the vertical orientation is feasible with the test method, but not recommended, as it has been shown to have the potential to lead to serious measurement errors on time to ignition. 5.7 Limitations 5.7.1 No universal formula exists for calculation of heat release as a function of mass loss. If heat release data are desired, calibration curves must be developed by the user, and they are specific to the material, product, or assembly tested. 5.7.2 If during the test of one or more of the three replicate test specimens, any of the following unusual behavior occurs: (1) molten material overflows the specimen holder trough, (2) one or more portions of a test specimen is forcefully displaced from the zone of controlled irradiance (explosive spalling); or (3) the test specimen swells sufficiently prior to ignition to touch the spark plug or swells up to the plane of the heater base during combustion; the test is invalid. Then test an additional specimen of the identical preconditioned test specimens in the test mode in which the unusual behavior occurred. Do not incorporate data obtained from the tests noted above, yielding inadequate results, in the averaged data but report the occurrence. The test method is not suitable if more than three out of six test specimens tested show any of the above characteristics. 5.7.3 The applicability of this test method to smoldering ignition has not been demonstrated. This test method is not suitable for incident irradiances below 10 kW/m 2 . 5.7.4 The validity of the results of this test method for a particular scenario depends on the conditions under which the tests are conducted. In particular, it has been established that the use of a different irradiance will change relative results. 5.7.5 The thermopile readings, if used, are likely not to be reflective of the heat output of the burning specimen if the flames extend to the thermopile. 5.8 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory test conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by or from this test method to predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire test exposure conditions described in this procedure. Note 1: This statement is required for all fire-test-response standards by Practice E535 .