1.1 这些测试方法 2. 涵盖钢、不锈钢和相关合金的机械试验程序和定义。本文所述的各种机械试验用于确定产品规范中要求的性能。应避免试验方法的变化，并遵循标准试验方法，以获得可重复和可比较的结果。在某些产品的测试要求是唯一的或与这些通用程序不一致的情况下，应以产品规范测试要求为准。 1.2 描述了以下机械试验: 小节 紧张 7. 到 14 弯曲 15 硬度 16 布里内尔 17 罗克韦尔 18 便携式的 19 影响 20 到 30 关键词 32 1.3 这些试验方法附有涵盖某些产品特有细节的附件，如下所示: 附件 酒吧产品 附件A1 管状产品 附件A2 紧固件 附件A3 圆形线材产品 附件A4 缺口钢筋冲击试验的意义 附件A5 将圆形试样的伸长率换算为 扁平试样的等效物 附件A6 测试多股钢丝 附件A7 测试数据的四舍五入 附件A8 钢筋试验方法 附件A9 热循环模拟的使用和控制程序 附件A10 1.4 以英寸磅为单位的数值应视为标准。括号中给出的值是国际单位制的数学转换，仅供参考，不被视为标准。 1.5 当公制产品规范中引用了这些试验方法时，屈服值和拉伸值可以用英寸来确定- 磅（ksi）单位，然后转换为国际单位制（MPa）单位。伸长率以英寸-磅计量长度2为单位确定 英寸或8 英寸可以用SI单位计量长度50报告 mm或200mm，视情况而定。相反，当这些测试方法在英寸磅产品规范中参考时，屈服值和拉伸值可以用国际单位制确定，然后转换为英寸磅单位。伸长率以SI单位计量长度50确定 毫米或200毫米可能以英寸为单位报告- 磅标距长度为2 英寸或8 分别为，视情况而定。 1.5.1 用于确定原始单位的试样必须符合尺寸表中给出的原始单位系统的适用公差，而不是转换后的公差尺寸。 注1: 这是因为当不是双重标准时，试样SI尺寸和公差是硬转换。用户被引导到测试方法 1058年 如果要求以国际单位制进行测试。 1.6 当可能需要有关测试实验室评估标准的信息时，请注意ISO/IEC 17025。 1.7 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.8 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 这些测试方法的主要用途是测试钢、不锈钢和相关合金产品的规定机械性能，以评估这些产品是否符合ASTM委员会A01及其采购订单或合同中指定的小组委员会管辖下的材料规范。 4.1.1 这些测试方法可能被其他ASTM委员会和其他标准编写机构用于一致性测试。 4.1.2 测试时的材料条件、采样频率、样品位置和方向、报告要求和其他测试参数包含在相关材料规范或特定产品形式的一般要求规范中。 4.1.3 某些材料规范要求使用本文未描述的其他测试方法；在这种情况下，所需的测试方法在该材料规范中进行了描述，或参考了另一个适当的测试方法标准。 4.2 这些测试方法也适用于其他用途的钢、不锈钢和相关合金材料的测试，如采购商的来料验收测试或使用暴露后的部件评估。 4.2.1 与任何机械测试一样，除了原始制造产品的缺陷外，与规格限制或预期制造性能的偏差也可能是出于正当原因。这些原因包括但不限于: 环境暴露（例如温度、腐蚀）导致的后续服务退化；静态或循环使用应力效应、机械损伤、材料不均匀性、各向异性结构、选定合金的自然老化、规范中未包括的进一步处理、取样限制和测量设备校准不确定度。机械测试的所有方面都存在统计变化，预计之前测试的测试结果也会发生变化。 在解释测试结果时，应了解偏离规定或预期测试值的可能原因。

1.1 These test methods 2 cover procedures and definitions for the mechanical testing of steels, stainless steels, and related alloys. The various mechanical tests herein described are used to determine properties required in the product specifications. Variations in testing methods are to be avoided, and standard methods of testing are to be followed to obtain reproducible and comparable results. In those cases in which the testing requirements for certain products are unique or at variance with these general procedures, the product specification testing requirements shall control. 1.2 The following mechanical tests are described: Sections Tension 7 to 14 Bend 15 Hardness 16 Brinell 17 Rockwell 18 Portable 19 Impact 20 to 30 Keywords 32 1.3 Annexes covering details peculiar to certain products are appended to these test methods as follows: Annex Bar Products Annex A1 Tubular Products Annex A2 Fasteners Annex A3 Round Wire Products Annex A4 Significance of Notched-Bar Impact Testing Annex A5 Converting Percentage Elongation of Round Specimens to Equivalents for Flat Specimens Annex A6 Testing Multi-Wire Strand Annex A7 Rounding of Test Data Annex A8 Methods for Testing Steel Reinforcing Bars Annex A9 Procedure for Use and Control of Heat-cycle Simulation Annex A10 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.5 When these test methods are referenced in a metric product specification, the yield and tensile values may be determined in inch-pound (ksi) units then converted into SI (MPa) units. The elongation determined in inch-pound gauge lengths of 2 in. or 8 in. may be reported in SI unit gauge lengths of 50 mm or 200 mm, respectively, as applicable. Conversely, when these test methods are referenced in an inch-pound product specification, the yield and tensile values may be determined in SI units then converted into inch-pound units. The elongation determined in SI unit gauge lengths of 50 mm or 200 mm may be reported in inch-pound gauge lengths of 2 in. or 8 in., respectively, as applicable. 1.5.1 The specimen used to determine the original units must conform to the applicable tolerances of the original unit system given in the dimension table not that of the converted tolerance dimensions. Note 1: This is due to the specimen SI dimensions and tolerances being hard conversions when this is not a dual standard. The user is directed to Test Methods A1058 if the tests are required in SI units. 1.6 Attention is directed to ISO/IEC 17025 when there may be a need for information on criteria for evaluation of testing laboratories. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 The primary use of these test methods is testing to determine the specified mechanical properties of steel, stainless steel, and related alloy products for the evaluation of conformance of such products to a material specification under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 and its subcommittees as designated by a purchaser in a purchase order or contract. 4.1.1 These test methods may be and are used by other ASTM Committees and other standards writing bodies for the purpose of conformance testing. 4.1.2 The material condition at the time of testing, sampling frequency, specimen location and orientation, reporting requirements, and other test parameters are contained in the pertinent material specification or in a general requirement specification for the particular product form. 4.1.3 Some material specifications require the use of additional test methods not described herein; in such cases, the required test method is described in that material specification or by reference to another appropriate test method standard. 4.2 These test methods are also suitable to be used for testing of steel, stainless steel and related alloy materials for other purposes, such as incoming material acceptance testing by the purchaser or evaluation of components after service exposure. 4.2.1 As with any mechanical testing, deviations from either specification limits or expected as-manufactured properties can occur for valid reasons besides deficiency of the original as-fabricated product. These reasons include, but are not limited to: subsequent service degradation from environmental exposure (for example, temperature, corrosion); static or cyclic service stress effects, mechanically-induced damage, material inhomogeneity, anisotropic structure, natural aging of select alloys, further processing not included in the specification, sampling limitations, and measuring equipment calibration uncertainty. There is statistical variation in all aspects of mechanical testing and variations in test results from prior tests are expected. An understanding of possible reasons for deviation from specified or expected test values should be applied in interpretation of test results.