1.1 本规程描述了使用铲斗采集水或其他液体表面样本的程序和设备。带有扩展手柄的池塘取样器或铲斗允许操作员在距离河岸或其他安全基脚15英尺远的地方对溪流、池塘、废水池和泻湖进行采样。铲斗在填充样品瓶时很有用，不会污染瓶的外部。 1.2 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。 本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.3 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 本规程适用于地表水和其他液体的采样。 4.2 铲斗设备结构简单，使用简单，相对容易去污；然而，这种做法无法提供多相液体的准确结果。 4.3 本规程适用于采集样本的人员。 4.4 北斗七星最适合用来 表面 液体样品。不得尝试使用铲斗采集地下样品，因为铲斗到达表面时会发生混合和稀释。 必须使用可在将其带到表面之前关闭的设备（例如，COLIWASA、管式取样器或瓶式取样器）对地下层进行采样。 4.5 如果需要定量表征，则铲斗不适合对多相液体进行取样。 4.6 在进行挥发性有机物分析（VOA）时，应将用铲斗获得的样品倒入适当的容器（VOA瓶），尽量减少与空气的接触和搅动。 4.7 本规程应与指南一起使用 D4687 ，包括采样计划、安全、质量保证（QA）、保存、去污、标签和监管链程序；同时练习 D5088 ，包括废物处理场使用的现场设备的去污。与本规程相关的其他文件为EPA-600/2-80-018和EPA-600/4-84-076。

1.1 This practice describes the procedure and equipment for taking surface samples of water or other liquids using a dipper. A pond sampler or dipper with extension handle allows the operator to sample streams, ponds, waste pits, and lagoons as far as 15 ft from the bank or other secure footing. The dipper is useful in filling a sample bottle without contaminating the outside of the bottle. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 This practice is intended for use in the sampling of surface waters and other liquids. 4.2 Dipper equipment is uncomplicated in construction, simple to use, and relatively easy to decontaminate; however, this practice will not provide accurate results with multiphase liquids. 4.3 This practice is to be used by personnel acquiring samples. 4.4 The dipper is best used to take a surface sample of liquid. No attempt should be made to take subsurface samples with a dipper because mixing and dilution will occur as the dipper is brought to the surface. Subsurface layers must be sampled using a device that can be closed prior to bringing it to the surface (for example, a COLIWASA, tube sampler, or bottle sampler). 4.5 The dipper is not appropriate for sampling multiphase liquids if quantitative characterization is needed. 4.6 When volatile organic analysis (VOA) will be performed, samples obtained with a dipper should be poured into an appropriate container (VOA vial) with minimal air contact and agitation. 4.7 This practice should be used in conjunction with Guide D4687 , which covers sampling plans, safety, quality assurance (QA), preservation, decontamination, labeling, and chain-of-custody procedures; also Practice D5088 , which covers decontamination of field equipment used at waste sites. Other documents pertinent to this practice are EPA-600/2-80-018 and EPA-600/4-84-076.