1.1 本试验方法包括在规定的预处理、温度、湿度和试验机速度条件下进行试验时，以标准哑铃形试样的形式测定未增强和增强塑料的拉伸性能。 1.2 本试验方法适用于任何厚度不超过14 mm（0.55 in.）的材料的试验。然而，对于薄板形式的试样，包括厚度小于1.0 mm（0.04 in.）的薄膜，ASTM标准 D882 是首选测试方法。厚度大于14 mm（0.55 in.）的材料应通过机加工减少。 1.3 该试验方法包括在室温下测定泊松比的选项。 注1: 本标准和ISO 527-1涉及相同的主题，但技术内容不同。 注2: 本试验方法不包括精确的物理程序。人们认识到，从理论角度来看，恒定十字头移动速率类型的试验还有很多需要改进的地方，十字头移动速率和试样上标记之间的应变速率之间可能存在很大差异，并且规定的试验速度掩盖了塑性状态下材料的重要影响特性。此外，应认识到，这些程序允许的试样厚度变化会导致此类试样的表面体积比变化，并且这些变化可能会影响试验结果。因此，在需要直接可比结果的情况下，所有样品的厚度应相等。如果需要更精确的物理数据，应使用特殊的附加测试。 注3: 本试验方法可用于测试酚醛模塑树脂或层压材料。然而，如果这些材料用作电绝缘，则应根据试验方法对这些材料进行试验 D229 和试验方法 D651 . 注4: 对于定向连续或不连续高模量>20 GPa（>3.0）增强的树脂基复合材料的拉伸性能 × 10 6. -psi）纤维，应根据试验方法进行试验 D3039/D3039M . 1.4 通过该试验方法获得的试验数据在工程设计中非常有用。然而，重要的是要考虑该方法的预防措施和局限性 注释2 和截面 4. 在考虑这些数据进行工程设计之前。 1.5 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。括号中给出的值仅供参考。 1.6 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.7 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 本试验方法旨在产生拉伸性能数据，用于控制和规范塑料材料。这些数据也有助于定性表征和研究与开发。 4.2 一些材料规范要求使用本试验方法，但在遵守规范时，一些程序修改优先。因此，建议在使用本试验方法之前参考该材料规范。分类中的表1 D4000 列出了当前存在的ASTM材料标准。 4.3 已知拉伸性能随试样制备、测试速度和环境而变化。因此，如果需要精确的比较结果，则必须仔细控制这些因素。 4.4 人们认识到，如果不测试材料的制备方法，就无法测试该材料。因此，当需要对材料本身进行比较试验时，应特别注意确保以完全相同的方式制备所有样品，除非试验包括样品制备的影响。 同样，为了进行鉴定或在任何给定系列样本内进行比较，应注意确保在制备、处理和处理细节方面达到最大程度的一致性。 4.5 拉伸性能为塑料工程设计提供了有用的数据。然而，由于许多塑料对应变率和环境条件表现出高度的敏感性，因此通过本试验方法获得的数据不能被视为适用于涉及与本试验方法不同的负载时间尺度或环境的应用。在这种不同的情况下，无法对大多数塑料的可用性极限进行可靠估计。如果拉伸性能足以满足工程设计目的，则对应变率和环境的敏感性需要在广泛的负载时间尺度（包括冲击和蠕变）和环境条件范围内进行测试。 注5: 由于塑料（如许多其他有机材料和许多金属）中是否存在真正的弹性极限是有争议的，因此在其引用的、普遍接受的定义中应用“弹性模量”一词来描述塑料的“刚度”或“刚度”的适当性受到了严重质疑。塑料材料的精确应力-应变特性高度依赖于应力施加速率、温度、试样之前的历史等因素。然而，根据本试验方法测定的塑料应力-应变曲线几乎总是在低应力下显示线性区域，与这部分曲线相切的直线允许计算通常定义类型的弹性模量。如果实现了该常数的任意性以及对时间、温度和类似因素的依赖性，则该常数是有用的。

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tensile properties of unreinforced and reinforced plastics in the form of standard dumbbell-shaped test specimens when tested under defined conditions of pretreatment, temperature, humidity, and testing machine speed. 1.2 This test method is applicable for testing materials of any thickness up to 14 mm (0.55 in.). However, for testing specimens in the form of thin sheeting, including film less than 1.0 mm (0.04 in.) in thickness, ASTM standard D882 is the preferred test method. Materials with a thickness greater than 14 mm (0.55 in.) shall be reduced by machining. 1.3 This test method includes the option of determining Poisson's ratio at room temperature. Note 1: This standard and ISO 527-1 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content. Note 2: This test method is not intended to cover precise physical procedures. It is recognized that the constant rate of crosshead movement type of test leaves much to be desired from a theoretical standpoint, that wide differences may exist between rate of crosshead movement and rate of strain between gage marks on the specimen, and that the testing speeds specified disguise important effects characteristic of materials in the plastic state. Further, it is realized that variations in the thicknesses of test specimens, which are permitted by these procedures, produce variations in the surface-volume ratios of such specimens, and that these variations may influence the test results. Hence, where directly comparable results are desired, all samples should be of equal thickness. Special additional tests should be used where more precise physical data are needed. Note 3: This test method may be used for testing phenolic molded resin or laminated materials. However, where these materials are used as electrical insulation, such materials should be tested in accordance with Test Methods D229 and Test Method D651 . Note 4: For tensile properties of resin-matrix composites reinforced with oriented continuous or discontinuous high modulus >20-GPa (>3.0 × 10 6 -psi) fibers, tests shall be made in accordance with Test Method D3039/D3039M . 1.4 Test data obtained by this test method have been found to be useful in engineering design. However, it is important to consider the precautions and limitations of this method found in Note 2 and Section 4 before considering these data for engineering design. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 This test method is designed to produce tensile property data for the control and specification of plastic materials. These data are also useful for qualitative characterization and for research and development. 4.2 Some material specifications that require the use of this test method, but with some procedural modifications that take precedence when adhering to the specification. Therefore, it is advisable to refer to that material specification before using this test method. Table 1 in Classification D4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that currently exist. 4.3 Tensile properties are known to vary with specimen preparation and with speed and environment of testing. Consequently, where precise comparative results are desired, these factors must be carefully controlled. 4.4 It is realized that a material cannot be tested without also testing the method of preparation of that material. Hence, when comparative tests of materials per se are desired, exercise great care to ensure that all samples are prepared in exactly the same way, unless the test is to include the effects of sample preparation. Similarly, for referee purposes or comparisons within any given series of specimens, care shall be taken to secure the maximum degree of uniformity in details of preparation, treatment, and handling. 4.5 Tensile properties provide useful data for plastics engineering design purposes. However, because of the high degree of sensitivity exhibited by many plastics to rate of straining and environmental conditions, data obtained by this test method cannot be considered valid for applications involving load-time scales or environments widely different from those of this test method. In cases of such dissimilarity, no reliable estimation of the limit of usefulness can be made for most plastics. This sensitivity to rate of straining and environment necessitates testing over a broad load-time scale (including impact and creep) and range of environmental conditions if tensile properties are to suffice for engineering design purposes. Note 5: Since the existence of a true elastic limit in plastics (as in many other organic materials and in many metals) is debatable, the propriety of applying the term “elastic modulus” in its quoted, generally accepted definition to describe the “stiffness” or “rigidity” of a plastic has been seriously questioned. The exact stress-strain characteristics of plastic materials are highly dependent on such factors as rate of application of stress, temperature, previous history of specimen, etc. However, stress-strain curves for plastics, determined as described in this test method, almost always show a linear region at low stresses, and a straight line drawn tangent to this portion of the curve permits calculation of an elastic modulus of the usually defined type. Such a constant is useful if its arbitrary nature and dependence on time, temperature, and similar factors are realized.