1.1 本指南涵盖了在样品分析之前校准石油产品和润滑剂样品元素分析所用测试方法的不同方法。 1.2 测试方法校准的统一实践有助于标准化程序，并在不同实验室获得一致的结果。 1.3 本指南仅包括常见仪器类型的基本步骤。任何异常情况都可能需要特殊程序。有关处理此类情况的说明，请参阅单独的测试方法。 1.4 本指南不能代替对所使用的实际测试方法、其中包含的注意事项以及可能需要的额外仪器准备的透彻理解。 1.5 用户不应将试验方法的范围扩大到所用试验方法范围以外的材料或浓度。 1.6 本指南还应适用于元素分析用非石油基生物燃料的样品制备。小组委员会D02.03正在就这些方面开展工作。随着更多信息可用，将添加到本标准中。 1.7 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.8 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.9 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 使用各种分析技术对原油、石油、石油产品、添加剂、生物燃料和润滑剂的元素含量进行常规分析，如氯、氮、氢、磷、硫和各种金属。其中一些方法几乎不需要方法校准； 其他一些只需要简单的一步校准；而其他人则需要在分析产品的元素含量之前进行详细的校准程序。 5.2 通常可以证明，与其他实验室的结果相比，合作运营商的循环结果都有偏差。据推测，未能遵循良好的实验室实践和测试方法说明可能是此类错误的原因之一。另一个后果是不必要的大再现性估计或数据作为异常值从研究中删除。 5.2.1 这种差异的另一个原因可能是实验室中使用的校准实践不同或不充分。 大多数测试方法都规定了校准要求，但往往没有引用允许实验室使用良好实验室实践来完成此任务所需的频率。因此，仪器校准的统一实践将有助于标准化测试程序，并在实验室内获得一致的结果。 5.3 D02委员会已经发布了统一样品制备的标准做法( D7455 )，ICP-AES标准操作程序( D7260 )和XRF( D7343 )以及标准质量保证协议( D6792 ). 本指南应被视为代表本小组委员会的持续努力，以实现分析序列所有部分的标准化实践。

1.1 This guide covers different ways by which the test methods used for elemental analysis of petroleum product and lubricant samples are calibrated before the sample analysis. 1.2 Uniform practice for test method calibration is beneficial in standardizing the procedures, and obtaining consistent results across different laboratories. 1.3 This guide includes only the basic steps for generally encountered instrument types. Anything out of the ordinary may require special procedures. See individual test methods for instructions to handle such situations. 1.4 This guide is not a substitute for a thorough understanding of the actual test method to be used, caveats it contains, and additional instrument preparation that may be required. 1.5 The user should not expand the scope of the test methods to materials or concentrations outside the scope of the test methods being used. 1.6 This guide should also be applicable to sample preparation of non-petroleum based bio-fuels for elemental analysis. Work is underway on these aspects in Subcommittee D02.03. As more information becomes available, it will be added to this standard. 1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 Crude oil, petroleum, petroleum products, additives, biofuels, and lubricants are routinely analyzed for their elemental content such as chlorine, nitrogen, hydrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and various metals using a variety of analytical techniques. Some of these methods require little to no method calibration; some others require only simple one step calibration; while others require elaborate calibration routine before the product is analyzed for its elemental content. 5.2 Fairly often it can be shown that the round robin results by a co-operator are all biased with respect to those from other laboratories. Presumably, the failure to follow good laboratory practices and instructions in the test methods can be a causal factor of such errors. A further consequence is an unnecessarily large reproducibility estimate or the data being dropped from the study as an outlier. 5.2.1 Another cause of such discrepancies could be different or inadequate calibration practice used in the laboratory. Most test methods spell out the calibration requirements but often do not quote the frequency required letting the laboratories use good laboratory practices for this task. Thus, uniform practice for instrument calibration would be beneficial in standardizing the test procedures and obtaining consistent results across the laboratories. 5.3 Committee D02 has already issued standard practices for uniform sample preparation ( D7455 ), standard operating procedures for ICP-AES ( D7260 ) and XRF ( D7343 ) as well as standard quality assurance protocol ( D6792 ). This guide should be considered as a continuing effort on behalf of this subcommittee to achieve standardized practices in all parts of an analytical sequence.