本文件规定了测定发射α和β的放射性核素的总α和总β活度浓度的方法。总α和总β活度测量不是为了给出测试样品中所有发射α和β的放射性核素的活度浓度的绝对测定，而是一种筛选分析，以确保没有超过特定α和β发射体的特定参考水平。这种类型的测定也称为总α和总β指数。预计总α和总β分析不如放射化学分离后的特定放射性核素分析准确或精确。 很好地测量了大约0.1 MeV或更高的最大β能量。低能量β发射体可能无法被检测到（例如。g.3H、55Fe、241Pu）或只能部分检测到（例如14C、35S、63Ni、210Pb、228Ra）。 该方法涵盖非挥发性放射性核素，因为一些气态或挥发性放射性核素（例如氡和放射性碘）可能在源制备过程中损失。 该方法适用于饮用水、雨水、地表水和地下水以及冷却水、工业用水、生活和工业废水的测试样品，经过适当的取样、样品处理和测试样品制备（必要时过滤并考虑水中溶解物质的量）。 本文件中描述的方法适用于紧急情况，因为可以在不到1小时内获得结果。总α和总β达到的检测限分别小于10 Bq/l和20 Bq/l。在20分钟内蒸发10mL样品，然后用窗口比例计数器计数10分钟。 实验室有责任确保本测试方法适用于所测试的水样。

This document specifies a method for the determination of gross alpha and gross beta activity concentration for alpha- and beta-emitting radionuclides. Gross alpha and gross beta activity measurement is not intended to give an absolute determination of the activity concentration of all alpha and beta emitting radionuclides in a test sample, but is a screening analysis to ensure particular reference levels of specific alpha and beta emitters have not been exceeded. This type of determination is also known as gross alpha and gross beta index. Gross alpha and gross beta analysis is not expected to be as accurate nor as precise as specific radionuclide analysis after radiochemical separations. Maximum beta energies of approximately 0,1 MeV or higher are well measured. It is possible that low energy beta emitters can not detected (e.g. ³H, ⁵⁵Fe, ²⁴¹Pu) or can only be partially detected (e.g. ¹⁴C, ³⁵S, ⁶³Ni, ²¹⁰Pb, ²²⁸Ra). The method covers non-volatile radionuclides, since some gaseous or volatile radionuclides (e.g. radon and radioiodine) can be lost during the source preparation. The method is applicable to test samples of drinking water, rainwater, surface and ground water as well as cooling water, industrial water, domestic and industrial wastewater after proper sampling, sample handling, and test sample preparation (filtration when necessary and taking into account the amount of dissolved material in the water). The method described in this document is applicable in the event of an emergency situation, because the results can be obtained in less than 1 h. Detection limits reached for gross alpha and gross beta are less than 10 Bq/l and 20 Bq/l respectively. The evaporation of 10 ml sample is carried out in 20 min followed by 10 min counting with window-proportional counters. It is the laboratory's responsibility to ensure the suitability of this test method for the water samples tested.