本文件规定了使用液体闪烁计数（LSC）测定α和β放射性核素总α和总β放射性浓度的方法。 该方法适用于干燥残留物小于5 g/l的所有类型的水，并且不需要对颜色淬火进行校正。 总α和总β放射性测量的目的不是绝对测定测试样品中所有α和β放射性核素的放射性浓度，而是进行筛选分析，以确保未超过特定α和β放射性核素的特定参考水平。这种类型的测定也称为总α和β指数。总α和β分析预计不会像放射性化学分离后的特定放射性核素分析那样准确。 该方法适用于80°C以下的非挥发性放射性核素，因为某些气态或挥发性放射性核素（如氡和放射性碘）可能在源制备过程中丢失。 本方法适用于饮用水、雨水、地表水和地下水以及冷却水、工业用水、生活污水和工业废水在适当取样和试样制备（必要时过滤，并考虑水中溶解物质的量）后的试样。 本文件中描述的方法适用于紧急情况，因为通过直接测量水试样而不进行任何处理，可以在不到4小时内获得结果。 实验室有责任确保本试验方法适用于所测试的水样。

This document specifies a method for the determination of gross alpha and gross beta activity concentration for alpha- and beta-emitting radionuclides using liquid scintillation counting (LSC). The method is applicable to all types of waters with a dry residue of less than 5 g/l and when no correction for colour quenching is necessary. Gross alpha and gross beta activity measurement is not intended to give an absolute determination of the activity concentration of all alpha- and beta-emitting radionuclides in a test sample, but is a screening analysis to ensure particular reference levels of specific alpha and beta emitters have not been exceeded. This type of determination is also known as gross alpha and beta index. Gross alpha and beta analysis is not expected to be as accurate nor as precise as specific radionuclide analysis after radiochemical separations. The method covers non-volatile radionuclides below 80 °C, since some gaseous or volatile radionuclides (e.g. radon and radioiodine) can be lost during the source preparation. The method is applicable to test samples of drinking water, rain water, surface and ground water as well as cooling water, industrial water, domestic and industrial waste water after proper sampling and test sample preparation (filtration when necessary and taking into account the amount of dissolved material in the water). The method described in this document is applicable in the event of an emergency situation, because the results can be obtained in less than 4 h by directly measuring water test samples without any treatment. It is the laboratory's responsibility to ensure the suitability of this test method for the water samples tested.