1.1 本规程涵盖了一种分析程序，用于确定非承压含水层的透过率、蓄水系数、比产水量和水平与垂直导水率比。它用于分析在以恒定速率从控制井抽水期间，测压计和部分或完全穿透的观察井中的水位下降。 1.2 本规程中给出的分析程序与指南一起使用 D4043号 和试验方法 D4050 . 1.3 Neuman方法的有效使用仅限于确定水文地质环境中含水层的透过率，并与理论假设合理对应。 1.4 单位- 以国际单位制或英寸-磅单位表示的数值应单独视为标准值。每个系统中规定的值可能不是精确的等效值；因此，每个系统应相互独立使用。将两个系统的值合并可能会导致不符合标准。 以国际单位制以外的单位报告试验结果不应视为不符合本标准。 1.5 所有观察值和计算值应符合实践中确定的有效数字和舍入准则 D6026 . 1.5.1 用于指定如何在标准中收集/记录或计算数据的程序被视为行业标准。此外，它们代表了通常应保留的有效数字。 使用的程序不考虑材料变化、获取数据的目的、特殊目的研究或用户目标的任何考虑因素；通常的做法是增加或减少报告数据的有效位数，以与这些考虑因素相称。考虑工程数据分析方法中使用的有效数字超出了本标准的范围。 1.6 本实践提供了一组用于执行一个或多个特定操作的说明。 本文件不能取代教育或经验，应与专业判断一起使用。并非实践的所有方面都适用于所有情况。本ASTM标准不代表或取代必须根据其判断给定专业服务的充分性的谨慎标准，也不应在不考虑项目的许多独特方面的情况下应用本文件。本文件标题中的“标准”一词仅表示该文件已通过ASTM共识程序获得批准。 1.7 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.8 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 假设: 5.1.1 控制井以恒定速率排放， Q . 5.1.2 控制井、观察井和测压管的直径为无穷小。 5.1.3 无侧限含水层是均质的，并且非常广泛。 5.1.4 控制井的流量最初来自含水层中的弹性蓄水，后来来自地下水位的重力排水。 5.1.5 含水层、控制井、观察井和测压管的几何形状如所示 图2 . 应根据相关参数调整测试井的几何形状。 图2 通过在部分非承压含水层中屏蔽的排水井的横截面 5.2 假设的含义: 5.2.1 Neuman的使用 ( 1. ) 该方法假设控制井的直径为无穷小。控制井中的储存可能会对测试早期获得的水位降测量产生不利影响。看见 5.2.2 实践经验 D4106 有助于确定油井影响的持续时间- 水位下降时的钻孔存储。 5.2.2 如果水位下降与含水层的初始饱和厚度相比较大，则可能需要调整后期水位下降，以减少饱和厚度的影响。实践第5.2.3节 D4106 为校正饱和厚度的减小提供指导。据纽曼说 ( 1. ) 此类调整仅适用于后期值。 5.3 实践 D3740 为本实践中的活动提供评估因素。 注1: 该实践产生的结果的质量取决于执行该实践的人员的能力，以及所用设备和设施的适用性。符合实践标准的机构 D3740 通常认为能够胜任和客观的测试/采样/检查等。本规程的用户应注意遵守规程 D3740 本身不能确保可靠的结果。可靠的结果取决于许多因素； 实践 D3740 提供了一种评估其中一些因素的方法。

1.1 This practice covers an analytical procedure for determining the transmissivity, storage coefficient, specific yield, and horizontal-to-vertical hydraulic conductivity ratio of an unconfined aquifer. It is used to analyze the drawdown of water levels in piezometers and partially or fully penetrating observation wells during pumping from a control well at a constant rate. 1.2 The analytical procedure given in this practice is used in conjunction with Guide D4043 and Test Method D4050 . 1.3 The valid use of the Neuman method is limited to determination of transmissivities for aquifers in hydrogeologic settings with reasonable correspondence to the assumptions of the theory. 1.4 Units— The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. Reporting of test result in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard. 1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026 . 1.5.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering data. 1.6 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of the practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without the consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 Assumptions: 5.1.1 The control well discharges at a constant rate, Q . 5.1.2 The control well, observation wells, and piezometers are of infinitesimal diameter. 5.1.3 The unconfined aquifer is homogeneous and really extensive. 5.1.4 Discharge from the control well is derived initially from elastic storage in the aquifer, and later from gravity drainage from the water table. 5.1.5 The geometry of the aquifer, control well, observation wells, and piezometers is shown in Fig. 2 . The geometry of the test wells should be adjusted depending on the parameters of interest. FIG. 2 Cross Section Through a Discharging Well Screened in Part of an Unconfined Aquifer 5.2 Implications of Assumptions: 5.2.1 Use of the Neuman ( 1 ) method assumes the control well is of infinitesimal diameter. The storage in the control well may adversely affect drawdown measurements obtained in the early part of the test. See 5.2.2 of Practice D4106 for assistance in determining the duration of the effects of well-bore storage on drawdown. 5.2.2 If drawdown is large compared with the initial saturated thickness of the aquifer, the late-time drawdown may need to be adjusted for the effect of the reduction in saturated thickness. Section 5.2.3 of Practice D4106 provides guidance in correcting for the reduction in saturated thickness. According to Neuman ( 1 ) such adjustments should be made only for late-time values. 5.3 Practice D3740 provides evaluation factors for the activities in this practice. Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this practice is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this practice are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.