1.1 这些试验方法包括在50或60 Hz的频率下，在正常激励下，测定单层片状试样的比磁芯损耗和峰值磁导率。 注1: 这些测试方法仅适用于50和60 Hz的商用电源频率，但通过适当的仪器和测试方法中体现的测试和校准原则的应用，它们被认为适用于25至400 Hz的频率范围内的测试。 1.2 这些测试方法使用校准程序，提供与25 cm[250 mm]爱泼斯坦测试的相关性。 1.3 测试磁通密度的范围由试样的特性以及可用的仪器和其他设备部件决定。通常，可以在8到16 kG[0.8到1.6 T]的范围内测试无取向电工钢的铁芯损耗。对于取向电工钢，正常范围延伸至18 kG[1.8 T]。峰值磁导率测试中的最大磁通密度主要受到磁化绕组加热的限制，测试通常限制在约150 Oe的最大交流磁场强度[12] 000 A/m]。 1.4 这些试验方法包括以下两种替代程序: 试验方法1-截面 6 – 12 试验方法2-截面 13 – 19 1.4.1 测试方法1使用具有以下特性的测试夹具:( 1. )环绕试样的两个绕组，以及( 2. )一种铁磁轭结构，用作磁通回流路径，具有低磁芯损耗和低磁阻。 1.4.2 测试方法2使用具有以下特性的测试夹具:( 1. )环绕试样的两个绕组( 2. )第三个绕组位于其他两个绕组内，紧邻试样的一个表面，以及( 3. )一种铁磁轭结构，用作磁通回流路径，具有低磁阻。 1.5 以常用（cgs-emu和英寸-磅）单位或国际单位表示的值和方程应单独视为标准。在本标准中，除与计算有关的章节外，括号中显示了国际单位制，其中各单位制有单独的章节。每个系统中规定的值可能不是精确的等效值；因此，每个系统应相互独立使用。合并两个系统的值可能会导致不符合本标准。 1.6 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。 本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.7 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 材料评估- 开发这些测试方法是为了补充爱泼斯坦样本的测试，以用于涉及使用平坦、剪切层压的应用，其中爱泼斯坦样本的测试是在两种情况下进行的- 剪切或应力消除退火条件无法提供最令人满意的预测应用中磁性能的方法。作为一个主要示例，试验方法特别适用于控制和评估热平坦晶粒取向电工钢的磁性（条件F5，规范 A876 )用作电力变压器铁芯的叠片。由于测试方法只能可靠地用于确定单向磁性，因此测试方法对正常情况下完全加工的无取向电工钢的测试的适用性有限（规范 A677型 ). 4.2 规范验收- 考虑了试验结果的再现性和相对于25 cm[250 mm]爱泼斯坦试验方法的准确性，以使试验方法适用于材料规范试验。 4.3 测试结果的解释- 由于试样尺寸的原因，单个试样内或为测试目的而组合的试样之间可能存在很大的磁性变化。此外，组合起来代表一批材料的测试值可能存在变化。因此，报告的测试结果通常代表磁质量的平均值，在某些应用中，特别是涉及较窄层压宽度的应用中，有时可能会出现磁性能与报告数据预期值的偏差。 此外，将测试数据应用于特定磁性装置的设计或评估时，必须认识到磁路对性能的影响，以及装置结构可能导致的磁性劣化。 4.4 推荐标准试验- 这些试验方法主要用于在50和60 Hz下对热平坦、晶粒取向的电工钢进行磁性试验。15或17 kG[1.5或1.7 T]下的比芯损耗和10 Oe[796 A/m]下的峰值磁导率（如需要）是评估此类材料的推荐参数。

1.1 These test methods cover the determination of specific core loss and peak permeability of single layers of sheet-type specimens tested with normal excitation at a frequency of 50 or 60 Hz. Note 1: These test methods have been applied only at the commercial power frequencies, 50 and 60 Hz, but with proper instrumentation and application of the principles of testing and calibration embodied in the test methods, they are believed to be adaptable to testing at frequencies ranging from 25 to 400 Hz. 1.2 These test methods use calibration procedures that provide correlation with the 25-cm [250-mm] Epstein test. 1.3 The range of test magnetic flux densities is governed by the properties of the test specimen and by the available instruments and other equipment components. Normally, nonoriented electrical steels can be tested over a range from 8 to 16 kG [0.8 to 1.6 T] for core loss. For oriented electrical steels, the normal range extends to 18 kG [1.8 T]. Maximum magnetic flux densities in peak permeability testing are limited principally by heating of the magnetizing winding and tests are limited normally to a maximum ac magnetic field strength of about 150 Oe [12 000 A/m]. 1.4 These test methods cover two alternative procedures as follows: Test Method 1—Sections 6 – 12 Test Method 2—Sections 13 – 19 1.4.1 Test Method 1 uses a test fixture having ( 1 ) two windings that encircle the test specimen, and ( 2 ) a ferromagnetic yoke structure that serves as the flux return path and has low core loss and low magnetic reluctance. 1.4.2 Test Method 2 uses a test fixture having ( 1 ) two windings that encircle the test specimen, ( 2 ) a third winding located inside the other two windings and immediately adjacent to one surface of the test specimen, and ( 3 ) a ferromagnetic yoke structure which serves as the flux-return path and has low magnetic reluctance. 1.5 The values and equations stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within this standard, SI units are shown in brackets except for the sections concerning calculations where there are separate sections for the respective unit systems. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 Materials Evaluation— These test methods were developed to supplement the testing of Epstein specimens for applications involving the use of flat, sheared laminations where the testing of Epstein specimens in either the as-sheared or stress-relief-annealed condition fails to provide the most satisfactory method of predicting magnetic performance in the application. As a principal example, the test methods have been found particularly applicable to the control and evaluation of the magnetic properties of thermally flattened, grain-oriented electrical steel (Condition F5, Specification A876 ) used as lamination stock for cores of power transformers. Inasmuch as the test methods can only be reliably used to determine unidirectional magnetic properties, the test methods have limited applicability to the testing of fully processed nonoriented electrical steels as normally practiced (Specification A677 ). 4.2 Specification Acceptance— The reproducibility of test results and the accuracy relative to the 25-cm [250-mm] Epstein method of test are considered such as to render the test methods suitable for materials specification testing. 4.3 Interpretation of Test Results— Because of specimen size, considerable variation in magnetic properties may be present within a single specimen or between specimens that may be combined for testing purposes. Also, variations may exist in test values that are combined to represent a test lot of material. Test results reported will therefore, in general, represent averages of magnetic quality and in certain applications, particularly those involving narrow widths of laminations, deviations in magnetic performance from those expected from reported data may occur at times. Additionally, application of test data to the design or evaluation of a particular magnetic device must recognize the influence of magnetic circuitry upon performance and the possible deterioration in magnetic properties arising from construction of the device. 4.4 Recommended Standard Tests— These test methods have been principally applied to the magnetic testing of thermally flattened, grain-oriented electrical steels at 50 and 60 Hz. Specific core loss at 15 or 17 kG [1.5 or 1.7 T] and peak permeability (if required) at 10 Oe [796 A/m] are the recommended parameters for evaluating this class of material.