1.1这些试验方法涵盖了钢、不锈钢和相关合金的机械试验程序和定义。本文所述的各种机械试验用于确定产品规范中要求的性能。应避免试验方法的变化，并遵循标准试验方法，以获得可重复和可比较的结果。在某些产品的测试要求独特或与这些通用程序不一致的情况下，应以产品规范测试要求为准。 1.2描述了以下机械试验: 小节 紧张 5至13 弯曲 14 硬度 15 布里内尔 16 罗克韦尔 17 便携式的 18 影响 19至28 关键词 29 1.3包含特定产品特有细节的附件附在这些试验方法之后，如下所示: 附件 酒吧用品 A1.1 管状产品 附件A2 紧固件 附件A3 圆导线产品 附件A4 缺口棒冲击试验的意义 附件A5 将圆形试样的伸长率转换为 扁平试样的等效物 附录A6 测试多股钢丝 附件A7 测试数据舍入 附录A8 钢筋试验方法 附录A9 热循环模拟的使用和控制程序 附件A10 1.4以英寸-磅为单位的数值应视为标准值。 1.5当本文件在公制产品规范中引用时，屈服值和拉伸值可以以英寸-磅（ksi）单位确定，然后转换为国际单位制（MPa）。以2英寸或8英寸的英寸-磅标距长度确定的伸长率。如适用，可分别以50或200 mm的国际单位计量长度报告。 相反，当本文件在英寸-磅产品规范中引用时，屈服值和拉伸值可以用国际单位制确定，然后转换为英寸-磅单位。以50或200 mm的国际单位标距长度确定的伸长率可以以2或8 in的英寸-磅标距长度报告。，分别适用。 1.6当可能需要有关测试实验室评估标准的信息时，请注意ISO/IEC 17025。 1.7 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全和健康实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 ====意义和用途====== 韧性vs。 脆性行为 — 在一定温度范围内进行冲击试验时，体心立方或铁素体合金表现出显著的行为转变。在高于转变温度的温度下，冲击试样通过韧性（通常为微孔聚结）机制断裂，吸收相对大量的能量。在较低温度下，它们以脆性（通常为解理）方式断裂，吸收的能量明显较少。在过渡范围内，断裂通常是韧性断裂和脆性断裂的混合区域。 从一种行为过渡到另一种行为的温度范围因被测材料而异。出于规范目的，可以以各种方式定义这种转换行为。 本规范可能要求在规定的测试温度下，对吸收能量、断裂外观、横向膨胀或其组合进行最低测试。 本规范可能要求确定在一定温度范围内进行试验时，吸收能量或断裂外观达到规定水平的转变温度。或者，本规范可能要求确定断裂外观转变温度（FATTn），作为获得所需最小剪切断裂百分比（n）的温度。 关于冲击试验重要性的更多信息见附录A5。

1.1 These test methods cover procedures and definitions for the mechanical testing of steels, stainless steels, and related alloys. The various mechanical tests herein described are used to determine properties required in the product specifications. Variations in testing methods are to be avoided, and standard methods of testing are to be followed to obtain reproducible and comparable results. In those cases in which the testing requirements for certain products are unique or at variance with these general procedures, the product specification testing requirements shall control. 1.2 The following mechanical tests are described: Sections Tension 5 to 13 Bend 14 Hardness 15 Brinell 16 Rockwell 17 Portable 18 Impact 19 to 28 Keywords 29 1.3 Annexes covering details peculiar to certain products are appended to these test methods as follows: Annex Bar Products A1.1 Tubular Products Annex A2 Fasteners Annex A3 Round Wire Products Annex A4 Significance of Notched-Bar Impact Testing Annex A5 Converting Percentage Elongation of Round Specimens to Equivalents for Flat Specimens Annex A6 Testing Multi-Wire Strand Annex A7 Rounding of Test Data Annex A8 Methods for Testing Steel Reinforcing Bars Annex A9 Procedure for Use and Control of Heat-Cycle Simulation Annex A10 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.5 When this document is referenced in a metric product specification, the yield and tensile values may be determined in inch-pound (ksi) units then converted into SI (MPa) units. The elongation determined in inch-pound gauge lengths of 2 or 8 in. may be reported in SI unit gauge lengths of 50 or 200 mm, respectively, as applicable. Conversely, when this document is referenced in an inch-pound product specification, the yield and tensile values may be determined in SI units then converted into inch-pound units. The elongation determined in SI unit gauge lengths of 50 or 200 mm may be reported in inch-pound gauge lengths of 2 or 8 in., respectively, as applicable. 1.6 Attention is directed to ISO/IEC 17025 when there may be a need for information on criteria for evaluation of testing laboratories. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. ====== Significance And Use ====== Ductile vs. Brittle Behavior — Body-centered-cubic or ferritic alloys exhibit a significant transition in behavior when impact tested over a range of temperatures. At temperatures above transition, impact specimens fracture by a ductile (usually microvoid coalescence) mechanism, absorbing relatively large amounts of energy. At lower temperatures, they fracture in a brittle (usually cleavage) manner absorbing appreciably less energy. Within the transition range, the fracture will generally be a mixture of areas of ductile fracture and brittle fracture. The temperature range of the transition from one type of behavior to the other varies according to the material being tested. This transition behavior may be defined in various ways for specification purposes. The specification may require a minimum test result for absorbed energy, fracture appearance, lateral expansion, or a combination thereof, at a specified test temperature. The specification may require the determination of the transition temperature at which either the absorbed energy or fracture appearance attains a specified level when testing is performed over a range of temperatures. Alternatively the specification may require the determination of the fracture appearance transition temperature (FATTn) as the temperature at which the required minimum percentage of shear fracture (n) is obtained. Further information on the significance of impact testing appears in Annex A5.