1.1 这些实践包括通过力测量标准对静态或准静态试验机（可能有或可能没有力指示系统）的张力或压缩或两者进行力验证的程序。这些操作规程不是测试机的完整采购规范。 1.2 试验机可通过以下三种方法之一或其组合进行验证。每种方法都需要特定的测量不确定度，显示国际单位制（SI）的计量溯源性。 1.2.1 使用标准砝码， 1.2.2 使用等臂天平和标准砝码，或 1.2.3 使用测力仪器。 1.3 术语“计量可追溯性”的定义见JCGM 200:国际计量词汇基本和一般概念及相关术语（VIM）。 1.4 程序 1.2.1 – 1.2.3 适用于与试验机相关的力指示系统的验证，如刻度盘、刻度盘、有标记或无标记的记录仪图表、数字显示器等。 在所有情况下，买方/所有者/用户必须指定部队- 待验证并包含在报告中的指示系统 . 1.5 单位- 以国际单位制或英寸-磅单位表示的数值应单独视为标准值。每个系统中规定的值不一定是精确的等价物；因此，为确保符合本标准，每个系统应独立使用，且两个系统的值不得组合。 1.5.1 其他常用力单位可与本标准一起使用，例如千克力（kgf），通常与硬度试验机一起使用 1.6 试验机数据系统的显示器/打印件上显示的力，无论是瞬时力、延迟力、存储力还是重传力，均通过以下规定进行验证: 1.2.1 , 1.2.2 或 1.2.3 ，且在±1范围内 % 测量精度要求，符合惯例 E4类 . 1.7 这些规程的要求限制了验证试验机时测量不确定度的主要组成部分。这些标准实践不要求允许误差减少验证过程中遇到的测量不确定度。 因此，当误差与测量不确定度相结合时，使用这些实践验证的试验机可能会产生大于±1.0%的真实力偏差 1.8 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.9 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 应用和指示力的试验机在许多行业中以多种方式使用。它们可以在研究实验室中用于测量材料特性，也可以在生产线中用于鉴定产品的装运质量。无论机器的最终用途是什么，用户都必须知道施加和指示的力的大小可以通过国家计量研究所（NMI）追溯到国际单位制（SI）。实践中的程序 E4类 可用于验证这些机器，以便指示的力可追溯到SI。 SI可追溯性的一个关键要素是，验证中使用的设备具有已知的力特性，并已根据实践进行校准 E74 . 4.2 实践中的程序 E4类 可供试验机和相关仪器的使用、制造和提供校准服务的人员使用。

1.1 These practices cover procedures for the force verification, by means of force measurement standards, of tension or compression, or both, static or quasi-static testing machines (which may, or may not, have force-indicating systems). These practices are not intended to be complete purchase specifications for testing machines. 1.2 Testing machines may be verified by one of the three following methods or combination thereof. Each of the methods require a specific uncertainty of measurement, displaying metrological traceability to The International System of Units (SI). 1.2.1 Use of standard weights, 1.2.2 Use of equal-arm balances and standard weights, or 1.2.3 Use of force-measuring instruments. 1.3 The term ’metrological traceability’ is used as defined in the JCGM 200: International vocabulary of metrology-Basic and general concepts and associated terms (VIM). 1.4 The procedures of 1.2.1 – 1.2.3 apply to the verification of the force-indicating systems associated with the testing machine, such as a scale, dial, marked or unmarked recorder chart, digital display, etc. In all cases the buyer/owner/user must designate the force-indicating system(s) to be verified and included in the report . 1.5 Units— The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined. 1.5.1 Other customary force units may be used with this standard such as the kilogram-force (kgf) which is often used with hardness testing machines 1.6 Forces indicated on displays/printouts of testing machine data systems—be they instantaneous, delayed, stored, or retransmitted—which are verified with provisions of 1.2.1 , 1.2.2 , or 1.2.3 , and are within the ±1 % measurement accuracy requirement, comply with Practices E4 . 1.7 The requirements of these practices limit the major components of measurement uncertainty when verifying testing machines. These Standard Practices do not require the allowable error to be reduced by the amount of the measurement uncertainty encountered during a verification. As a result, a testing machine verified using these practices may produce a deviation from the true force greater than ±1.0 % when the error is combined with the measurement uncertainty 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 Testing machines that apply and indicate force are used in many industries, in many ways. They may be used in a research laboratory to measure material properties, and in a production line to qualify a product for shipment. No matter what the end use of the machine may be, it is necessary for users to know that the amount of force applied and indicated is traceable to the International System of Units (SI) through a National Metrology Institute (NMI). The procedures in Practices E4 may be used to verify these machines so that the indicated forces are traceable to the SI. A key element of traceability to the SI is that the devices used in the verification have known force characteristics, and have been calibrated in accordance with Practice E74 . 4.2 The procedures in Practices E4 may be used by those using, manufacturing, and providing calibration service for testing machines and related instrumentation.