1.1 这些测试方法涵盖将非主要地面光伏参考电池校准和表征为所需的参考光谱辐照度分布。规范中描述了这些参考电池的推荐物理要求 E1040 . 参考电池主要用于测定光伏器件的电气性能。 1.2 非主要参考电池在室内使用模拟阳光进行校准，或在室外自然阳光下通过参考先前校准的参考电池（称为校准源设备）进行校准。 1.2.1 非主要校准将与校准源装置的参考光谱辐照度分布相同。 1.2.2 校准源装置可以是根据试验方法校准的一次参考电池 E1125 或根据这些试验方法校准的非主要参考电池。 1.2.3 对于校准源设备为一次参考电池的特殊情况，所得非一次参考电池也称为二次参考电池。 1.3 根据这些测试方法校准的非主要参考电池将具有与校准源设备相同的辐射可追溯性。因此，如果校准源设备可追溯到世界辐射基准（WRR），请参阅测试方法 E816 )，生成的二次参考单元格也将可追溯到WRR。 1.4 这些测试方法仅适用于光伏电池的校准，该光伏电池在其预期使用范围内表现出线性短路电流与辐照度特性，如测试方法中所定义 E1143 . 1.5 这些测试方法仅适用于使用单个光伏结制造的光伏电池的校准。 1.6 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.7 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.8 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 这些测试方法的目的是提供一个公认的程序，用于校准、表征和报告非- 光伏器件性能测量期间使用的初级光伏参考电池。 5.2 光伏器件的电输出取决于光源照明的光谱含量及其强度。为了准确测量光伏器件在各种光源下的性能，有必要考虑短路电流中的误差，如果参考电池的相对光谱响应与被测器件的光谱响应不同。如果测试光源的光谱辐照度分布与所需的参考光谱辐照度分布不同，则会出现类似的错误。这些误差用光谱失配参数量化 M （试验方法 E973 ). 5.2.1 试验方法 E973 光谱失配计算需要四个量: 5.2.1.1 待校准参考电池的量子效率（参见 7.1.1 ), 5.2.1.2 校准源设备的量子效率（需要作为其校准的一部分）， 注1: 见试验方法10.10 E1021 用于将光谱响应率转换为量子效率的恒等式。 5.2.1.3 光源的光谱辐照度（使用光谱辐照度测量设备测量），以及， 5.2.1.4 校准源设备校准到的参考光谱辐照度分布（参见 G173页 ). 5.2.2 温度校正- 试验方法 E973 提供了使用量子效率相对于温度的偏导数对短路电流进行温度校正的方法。 5.3 根据这些试验方法，根据与校准源装置相同的参考光谱辐照度分布校准非主要参考电池。 可以使用测试方法校准一次参考电池 E1125 . 注2: 目前还没有针对地外光谱辐照度分布校准主要参考电池的ASTM标准。 5.4 非主要参考电池应每年重新校准一次，如果电池在室外连续使用，则应每六个月重新校准一次。 5.5 规范中提供了参考电池的推荐物理特性 E1040 . 5.6 因为在p型衬底上制作的硅太阳能电池容易受到 我 sc公司 初次暴露于光时，要求新制造的参考电池浸光，见 4.8 . 5.7 测试光源的自然阳光与太阳模拟的选择涉及两种光源的优缺点之间的权衡。自然阳光在测试平面上提供了极好的空间均匀性，但总辐照度和光谱辐照度随太阳的视运动和大气条件（如云层）的变化而变化。 可以随时在太阳模拟器中进行校准，并提供稳定的光谱辐照度。太阳模拟器的缺点包括空间不均匀性和总辐照度的短时变化。这些测试方法中的程序旨在克服这些缺点。

1.1 These test methods cover calibration and characterization of non-primary terrestrial photovoltaic reference cells to a desired reference spectral irradiance distribution. The recommended physical requirements for these reference cells are described in Specification E1040 . Reference cells are principally used in the determination of the electrical performance of a photovoltaic device. 1.2 Non-primary reference cells are calibrated indoors using simulated sunlight or outdoors in natural sunlight by reference to a previously calibrated reference cell, which is referred to as the calibration source device. 1.2.1 The non-primary calibration will be with respect to the same reference spectral irradiance distribution as that of the calibration source device. 1.2.2 The calibration source device may be a primary reference cell calibrated in accordance with Test Method E1125 , or a non-primary reference cell calibrated in accordance with these test methods. 1.2.3 For the special case in which the calibration source device is a primary reference cell, the resulting non-primary reference cell is also referred to as a secondary reference cell. 1.3 Non-primary reference cells calibrated according to these test methods will have the same radiometric traceability as that of the calibration source device. Therefore, if the calibration source device is traceable to the World Radiometric Reference (WRR, see Test Method E816 ), the resulting secondary reference cell will also be traceable to the WRR. 1.4 These test methods apply only to the calibration of a photovoltaic cell that demonstrates a linear short-circuit current versus irradiance characteristic over its intended range of use, as defined in Test Method E1143 . 1.5 These test methods apply only to the calibration of a photovoltaic cell that has been fabricated using a single photovoltaic junction. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 It is the intent of these test methods to provide a recognized procedure for calibrating, characterizing, and reporting the calibration data for non-primary photovoltaic reference cells that are used during photovoltaic device performance measurements. 5.2 The electrical output of photovoltaic devices is dependent on the spectral content of the source illumination and its intensity. To make accurate measurements of the performance of photovoltaic devices under a variety of light sources, it is necessary to account for the error in the short-circuit current that occurs if the relative spectral response of the reference cell is not identical to the spectral response of the device under test. A similar error occurs if the spectral irradiance distribution of the test light source is not identical to the desired reference spectral irradiance distribution. These errors are quantified with the spectral mismatch parameter M (Test Method E973 ). 5.2.1 Test Method E973 requires four quantities for spectral mismatch calculations: 5.2.1.1 The quantum efficiency of the reference cell to be calibrated (see 7.1.1 ), 5.2.1.2 The quantum efficiency of the calibration source device (required as part of its calibration), Note 1: See 10.10 of Test Method E1021 for the identity that converts spectral responsivity to quantum efficiency. 5.2.1.3 The spectral irradiance of the light source (measured with the spectral irradiance measurement equipment), and, 5.2.1.4 The reference spectral irradiance distribution to which the calibration source device was calibrated (see G173 ). 5.2.2 Temperature Corrections— Test Method E973 provides means for temperature corrections to short-circuit current using the partial derivative of quantum efficiency with respect to temperature. 5.3 A non-primary reference cell is calibrated in accordance with these test methods is with respect to the same reference spectral irradiance distribution as that of the calibration source device. Primary reference cells may be calibrated by use of Test Method E1125 . Note 2: No ASTM standards for calibration of primary reference cells to the extraterrestrial spectral irradiance distribution presently exist. 5.4 A non-primary reference cell should be recalibrated yearly, or every six months if the cell is in continuous use outdoors. 5.5 Recommended physical characteristics of reference cells are provided in Specification E1040 . 5.6 Because silicon solar cells made on p-type substrates are susceptible to a loss of I sc upon initial exposure to light, it is required that newly manufactured reference cells be light soaked, see 4.8 . 5.7 The choice of natural sunlight versus solar simulation for the test light source involves tradeoffs between the advantages and disadvantages of either source. Natural sunlight provides excellent spatial uniformity over the test plane but the total and spectral irradiances vary with the apparent motion of the sun and changes of atmospheric conditions such as clouds. Calibrations in a solar simulator can be done at any time and provide a stable spectral irradiance. Disadvantages of solar simulators include spatial non-uniformity and short-time variations in total irradiance. The procedures in these test methods have been designed to overcome these disadvantages.