本文探讨了反渗透（RO）的两种不同的工业应用。在第一个示例中，RO用于在半导体制造厂生产超纯去离子水。介绍了该设施原有去离子水处理系统的设计和RO系统的扩建。在第二个例子中，讨论了国防制造厂工业废物回收的反渗透系统。介绍了新型金属去除预处理设施、新型除盐设施和盐水回收设施的设计。本文强调，反渗透系统的设计必须包括对每个单元过程的彻底评估，以确定对之前和后续单元的影响。包括7个参考文献、图表。

This article examines two diverse industrial applications of reverse osmosis (RO). In the first example, RO is utilized in the production of ultrapure deionized water at a semiconductor manufacturing facility. Design of the facility's original deionized water treatment system and the expansion of the RO system are described. In the second example, RO systems for industrial waste recycling at a defense manufacturing facility is discussed. Design of new metals removal pretreatment facilities, new demineralization facilities, and brine recovery facilities is addressed. The article emphasizes that design of RO systems must include a thorough evaluation of each unit process to determine the effect on preceding and succeeding units. Includes 7 references, figures.