1.1 本指南涵盖了设计和实施感官测试的合理实践，这些测试只验证与产品的感官或感知属性或两者有关的声明。本指南是为在美国使用而制定的，必须适用于任何其他国家的广告索赔证明法律法规。声明是关于产品的声明，强调其优势、感官或感知属性，或与其他产品相比的产品变化或差异，以提高其适销性。包括比较性和非比较性的属性、性能和享乐主张。本指南包括广泛的原则，包括选择和招募代表性消费者样本、选择和准备产品、构建产品评级表、测试执行和数据的统计处理。本指南的目的是传播良好的感官和消费者测试实践。 如果遵循本指南的实质，则应使索赔的验证更具可辩护性。 目录 部分 介绍 范围 1. 参考文件 2. 术语 3. 索赔分类依据 4. 基于消费者的情感测试 5. 取样 5.1 采样技术 5.2 产品的选择 5.3 两种产品当前都在使用时的产品抽样 市场 5.4 当两种产品当前都打开时处理产品 市场 5.5 尚未上市产品的抽样 5.6 样品制备/测试协议 5.7 测试设计消费者测试 6. 数据收集策略 6.6 面谈技巧 6.7 问题类型 6.8 问卷设计 6.9 答卷人须知 6.10 面试官须知 6.11 一般/总体问题 6.12 关键产品评级问题的定位 6.13 总测试环境和演示事项 6.14 特定属性问题 6.15 分类或人口统计问题 6.16 偏好问题 6.17 测试位置 7. 通过测试机构食品和非食品执行测试 测试 8. 感官索赔实证研究中需要保留的文件 9 实验室测试方法 10 测试类型 10.2 使用经过培训的描述性语言的优势和局限性 索赔支持研究小组 10.3 测试设计实验室测试 11 产品采购 11.6 实验设计 11.7 数据收集 11.8 数据分析 11.9 问卷结构 12 测试设施 13 统计分析 14 配对偏好研究 14.1 优势主张 14.2 平价索赔 14.3 配对比较/差异研究 14.4 天平数据分析 14.5 关键词 15 关于ASTM和索赔的常见问题 证实 附录X1

1.1 This guide covers reasonable practices for designing and implementing sensory tests that validate claims pertaining only to the sensory or perceptual attributes, or both, of a product. This guide was developed for use in the United States and must be adapted to the laws and regulations for advertisement claim substantiation for any other country. A claim is a statement about a product that highlights its advantages, sensory or perceptual attributes, or product changes or differences compared to other products in order to enhance its marketability. Attribute, performance, and hedonic claims, both comparative and non-comparative, are covered. This guide includes broad principles covering selecting and recruiting representative consumer samples, selecting and preparing products, constructing product rating forms, test execution, and statistical handling of data. The objective of this guide is to disseminate good sensory and consumer testing practices. Validation of claims should be made more defendable if the essence of this guide is followed. Table of Contents Section Introduction Scope 1 Referenced Documents 2 Terminology 3 Basis of Claim Classification 4 Consumer Based Affective Testing 5 Sampling 5.1 Sampling Techniques 5.2 Selection of Products 5.3 Sampling of Products When Both Products Are Currently on the Market 5.4 Handling of Products When Both Products Are Currently on the Market 5.5 Sampling of Products Not Yet on the Market 5.6 Sample Preparation/Test Protocol 5.7 Test Design—Consumer Testing 6 Data Collection Strategies 6.6 Interviewing Techniques 6.7 Type of Questions 6.8 Questionnaire Design 6.9 Instruction to Respondents 6.10 Instructions to Interviewers 6.11 General/Overall Questions 6.12 Positioning of the Key Product Rating Questions 6.13 Total Test Context and Presentation Matters 6.14 Specific Attribute Questions 6.15 Classification or Demographic Questions 6.16 Preference Questions 6.17 Test Location 7 Test Execution by Way of Test Agencies—Food and Non-Food Testing 8 Documents to Retain in Sensory Claims Substantiation Research 9 Laboratory Testing Methods 10 Types of Tests 10.2 Advantages and Limitations of the Use of Trained Descriptive Panels in Claims Support Research 10.3 Test Design—Laboratory Testing 11 Product Procurement 11.6 Experimental Design 11.7 Data Collection 11.8 Data Analysis 11.9 Questionnaire Construction 12 Test Facility 13 Statistical Analysis 14 Paired-Preference Studies 14.1 Superiority Claims 14.2 Parity Claims 14.3 Paired Comparison/Difference Studies 14.4 Analysis of Data from Scales 14.5 Keywords 15 Commonly Asked Questions About ASTM and Claim Substantiation Appendix X1