ISO 14990-1:2016规定了ISO 6165中定义的运土机械（EMM）电气设备及其组件的一般安全要求，并解决了操作员、技术人员、服务/维护人员和旁观者的安全问题。 它适用于在50 V？范围内使用车载电压的机器？任何频率和75 V电压下的36 kV AC r.m.s？36千伏直流电？包括脉动直流电的重复频率吗？用于户外使用。它适用于低压和高压，除非说明其仅适用于高压或低压设备。设备内发生的电压不被视为车载电压，因此不在其范围内。 注1:特殊注意事项通常适用于大于30 kHz的频率。如果参考标准仅限于低于EMM上使用的频率，则用户有责任评估风险并适当解决。 ISO 14990-1:2016涵盖了土方机械按预期或在制造商合理预见的误用条件下使用时，其范围内与土方机械电压范围相关的所有重大危险、危险情况和危险事件。它规定了适当的技术措施，以消除或减少调试、运行和维护期间重大危险、危险情况或危险事件产生的风险。本标准不适用于出版日期之前制造的机器。 本标准拟与ISO 14990-2和ISO 14990-3结合使用，这两个标准规定了机器电源的具体规定，优先于本文件对所涵盖机器的要求。对于多用途机械，ISO 14990中所有要求涵盖机器功能和应用的零件均适用。 尽管本文件涉及与土方机械中使用低压或高压电气系统相关的大多数危险，但由于可能存在额外的电气危险，遵守本文件不能被视为电气安全的绝对保证。关注领域包括在附件A中的重大危险清单中。 ISO 14990-1:2016规定了与其他低压系统电气隔离并作为安装在EMM上的通用插座电源的车载发电机，以及通用插座的变压器或逆变器电源的要求。 注2:当地或地区要求也适用于通用插座布置。 尽管标称12 V和24 V（交流发电机/电池）系统未得到解决，但满足一些要求（包括PELV的要求）将确保- 电压系统与12V和24V系统充分隔离。 ISO 14990-1:2016未涉及与爆炸性环境相关的风险，有时在采矿和其他EMM应用中会发现爆炸性环境。

ISO 14990-1:2016 specifies general safety requirements for the electrical equipment and its components incorporated into earth-moving machines (EMMs) as defined in ISO 6165, and addresses the safety of operators, technicians, service/maintenance personnel and bystanders. It is applicable to those machines using on-board voltages in the ranges of 50 V?36 kV AC r.m.s. at any frequency and 75 V?36 kV DC?including any repetition rate of pulsating DC?intended for outdoor use. It is applicable to both low and high voltages, except where its applicability to high- or low-voltage equipment only is indicated. Voltages occurring within devices are not considered to be on-board voltages and are thus not within its scope. NOTE 1 Special considerations typically apply at frequencies greater than 30 kHz. Where reference standards are limited to frequencies below those used on the EMM, it is the responsibility of the user to assess the risks and address them appropriately. ISO 14990-1:2016 covers all significant hazards, hazardous situations, and hazardous events relevant to the voltage range for earth-moving machinery within its scope when the machinery is used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from significant hazards, hazardous situations, or hazardous events during commissioning, operation, and maintenance. It is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 14990-2 and ISO 14990-3, which give provisions specific to the machine's power source that take precedence over the requirements of this document for the machines covered. For multipurpose machinery, all those parts of ISO 14990 are applicable whose requirements cover the functions and applications of the machine. Even though this document addresses most hazards associated with the use of low- or high-voltage electrical systems in earth-moving machines, owing to the possible presence of additional electrical hazards, conformance with it cannot be taken as an absolute guarantee of electrical safety. Areas of concern are included in the list of significant hazards found in Annex A. ISO 14990-1:2016 specifies requirements for on-board generators, electrically isolated from other low-voltage systems and provided as power sources for general-purpose socket outlets installed on EMMs, and transformer or inverter power sources for general-purpose socket outlets. NOTE 2 Local or regional requirements may also apply to general-purpose socket outlet arrangements. Although nominal 12 V and 24 V (alternator/battery) systems are not addressed, the meeting of some of the requirements, including those of PELV, will ensure that the low-voltage system is sufficiently isolated from 12 V and 24 V systems. ISO 14990-1:2016 does not address risks associated with explosive atmospheres, which are sometimes found in mining and other EMM applications.