方差与给定值的比较、方差的估计、两个方差的比较、两个方差的比率的估计，以及方差已知或未知的均值的相同过程都会得到处理。当观测变量的分布为正态分布时，对于随机抽取且独立的样本元素，对于不太小（至少5到10个）的样本量，以及当分布与正态分布相差不大时，这些技术是有效的。在例子中简要介绍了验证正态性假设的技巧。

Comparison of a variance with a given value, estimation of a variance, comparison of two variances, estimation of the ratio of two variances, and the same procedures for a mean with known or unknown variance are dealt with. Techniques are valid for sample elements drawn at random and being independent, when the distribution of the observed variable is normal, for a sample size not too small (5 to 10 at least) approximately also when the distribution does not deviate very much from the normal. Techniques of verification of the hypothesis of normality are briefly dealt with in the examples.